Temporal dynamics of innate and adaptive immune responses in broiler birds to oral delivered chitosan nanoparticle-based Salmonella subunit antigens

A Novel Approach against Salmonella: A Review of Polymeric Nanoparticle Vaccines for Broilers and Layers

“…However, there are currently no killed vaccines that are delivered through the oral route to provide dual systemic and mucosal protection for poultry flocks. Recent research has adapted the use of modern nanotechnology to improve the poultry industry [ 78 , 80 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ]. The use of a biodegradable nanoparticle that protects the vaccines antigens from the harsh pH of the GIT and that can be “programmed” to deliver the antigens to the intestinal PPs is a new step towards innovative vaccines.…”

“…Few studies have assessed the effects of Salmonella chitosan nanoparticle vaccines in chickens. Recent studies designed and demonstrated the immune response of broilers and layers to an oral chitosan nanoparticle (CNP)-based vaccine against Salmonella [ 78 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ]. For these studies, the Salmonella subunit CNP vaccine was synthesized to contain S. enteritidis immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellin protein combined with a flagellin surface coating.…”

Chitosan Nanoparticle Based Mucosal Vaccines Delivered Against Infectious Diseases of Poultry and Pigs

“…However, two doses of nanovaccine (12.5 and 50 µg antigen in CS NPs) inoculation only increased different TLRs mRNA expression and specific splenocytes proliferation, but did not induce high levels of antigen specific antibody response (Han et al, 2020c). Likewise, the oral administration of killed S. Enteritidis whole protein antigen encapsulated in CS NPs also failed to induce an adaptive immune response (Han et al, 2020c). Whereas, lower dose (10 µg antigen), vaccination at young age (3rd day), and two or three doses of nanovaccine administration heightened the systemic and mucosal antibody, cell mediated immune response, TLRs gene expression, resulting in reduced S. Enteritidis load in the cecum (Han et al, 2020a).…”

“…In another study in broilers, like in layers, the oral delivered nanovaccine targeted ileum and reached lamina propria. However, two doses of nanovaccine (12.5 and 50 µg antigen in CS NPs) inoculation only increased different TLRs mRNA expression and specific splenocytes proliferation, but did not induce high levels of antigen specific antibody response (Han et al, 2020c). Likewise, the oral administration of killed S. Enteritidis whole protein antigen encapsulated in CS NPs also failed to induce an adaptive immune response (Han et al, 2020c).…”

“…Broiler birds are highly vulnerable to Salmonella infection, and the use of killed vaccine to control infection is not recommended as the parenteral injection causes stress, reduce production and meat quality (Han et al, 2020c). Thus, efficacy of needlefree oral deliverable optimized nanovaccine was evaluated in broilers.…”