Temporal population dynamics of the phantom midge Chaoborus crystallinus and its influence on the zooplankton community

Janz, Philipp; Weltje, Lennart; Ebke, Klaus Peter; Dawo, Ursula

doi:10.1007/s10750-015-2602-9

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, no citation to support this statement is given in that paper. The Chaoborus found in microcosm studies conducted in central Europe appear to be mostly C. crystallinus , as deduced by Janz et al (23), who analysed data collected from 19 microcosm studies conducted over 14 years at the University of Munich, Germany. In that study, 1 st and 2 nd instar larvae were present from mid-April to early October, 3 rd instar larvae from early-May to October/November.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…We would surmise that the disparity between the earlier and most recent articles is that the conclusions of the latter are based on empirical evidence, whereas the statements on voltinism in the other papers appear to originate from an assumption in earlier publications. The empirical evidence in (23) and (23) is essentially the observed prevalence of the various C. crystallinus life-stages over time in outdoor microcosms. The experiment described in this publication is a refinement of this approach, directly tracking the progress of successive generations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence timing and voltinism of phantom midges, Chaoborus spp., in the UK

Cockroft¹,

Jenkins²,

Irwin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20 After introduction of overwintered fourth instar larvae (2027 in total), emergence timing of adult 21 Chaoborus spp. (Diptera: Chaoboridae) was investigated in four outdoor freshwater microcosms in 22 the UK in 2017. Adults started emerging on 13 April and emergence reached a peak on 2 May. The 23 majority of emergence was completed by 3 June. Emergence rates for each microcosm ranged from 24 51.4% to 66.2% with a mean of 60.9%. The great majority of emerged adults were C. obscuripes 25 (99.68%). Males appeared to emerge slightly earlier than females. The results indicated that for 26 overwintered C. obscuripes larvae, the adults emerged en masse in spring (rather than emerging 27 gradually over the course of spring and summer). In a separate experiment at the same location, the 28 number of Chaoborus spp. life-cycles occurring per year was determined using six replicate groups of 29 microcosms, each group containing four microcosms. Each microcosm contained 200 L of water and 30 was enclosed within a 'pop-up' frame covered with 'insect-proof' mesh (1 mm 2 aperture). The first 31 microcosm in each group was 'seeded' with egg rafts (first generation) of Chaoborus spp. Following 32 adult emergence, as soon as the first egg rafts were laid in each microcosm these were removed and 33 transferred to the second microcosm in that group, and so on. The larvae sampled from the second and 34 subsequent generations in the microcosms were all C. crystallinus. C. crystallinus produced up to four 35 discrete generations within the experimental period, and life-cycle times from egg-to-egg ranged from 36 14 days (replicate group 5, first generation) to 56 days (replicate 3, second generation). These two 37 experiments, indicated that i) adult C. obscuripes arising from overwintered larvae emerged en masse 38 in the spring, and ii) up to four generations of C. crystallinus occurred; i.e. C. crystallinus exhibited a 39 multi-voltine life history under the temperate conditions of this UK study. Page 3 of 20 41 Introduction 42 The precise duration of the life-cycle of Chaoborus spp. does not appear to have been clearly defined 43 in published studies. Since the larval stages are known to be extremely sensitive to the effects of 44 insecticides (1) and size-dependent sensitivity can play an important role in the survival and recovery 45 of natural populations, the duration and timing of the life cycle has implications for the interpretation 46 of how natural populations recover from exposure to stressors. 47 48 The Chaoboridae are Diptera with aquatic larvae that live as pelagic predators, feeding on a wide 49 range of prey including copepods, Cladocera, rotifers, chironomids, mosquito larvae and other 50 chaoborids. There are three genera of Chaoboridae in northern and central Europe; Chaoborus, 51 Mochlonyx and Cryophilia, all of which have four aquatic larval instars (2, 3, 4). Chaoborus species 52 are widely distributed throughout Europe and of the six species that are known C. flavicans, C.53 obscuripes and C. crystallinus ar...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence timing and voltinism of phantom midges, Chaoborus spp., in the UK

Cockroft¹,

Jenkins²,

Irwin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…With our study we increased the number of known taxa to 77, particularly in groups which are rarely considered part of the zooplankton, but have clear planktonic adaptations (Modlin and Gannon, 1973;Davies, 1976;Janz et al, 2016;Deevey et al, 1980) such as water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidiae) and chironomids (Davies, 1976), both highly diverse and good indicators of water quality (Goldschmidt, 2016;Lindegaard, 1995) (Tab. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faunistic survey of the zooplankton community in an oligotrophic sinkhole, Cenote Azul (Quintana Roo, Mexico), using different sampling methods, and documented with DNA barcodes

Montes-Ortiz

Elías‐Gutiérrez

2018

J Limnol

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This study is the first faunistic inventory of a zooplankton community from an open, karstic and oligotrophic aquatic sinkhole in the south of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), we describe the richness of the zooplankton collected with the combination of plankton nets and light traps of our own design, using morphological and molecular characters to identify the species and demonstrate the effectiveness of only one set of primers to sequence all taxa. Recently, it has been demonstrated that different sampling methods can increase the number of zooplankton species from tropical and temperate systems dramatically. These more effective methods together with DNA barcoding can give a new and more realistic picture of the species dwelling in a freshwater system. In total, we sequenced 268 specimens, and the list of species known in this sinkhole increased from 13 to 77 taxa, with a projection of 87 in total, including cladocerans, copepods, ostracods, fish larvae, tadpoles, rotifers, chironomids, water mites, among others. From the 77 taxa identified by us, 72 BINS (Barcode Index Numbers, equivalent to putative species) were assigned by the BOLD Database (boldsystems.org), and 30 of them are new records for both, BOLD and GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). There was an essential difference in the number of taxa collected with the plankton nets and the light traps. Only 23 taxa were registered in the nets, representing between 28 and 29% of the total richness, while 67 were present in the light traps representing 87% of the species found. From these, 46 taxa were exclusive to this sampling method. Light traps are an effective method for rapid evaluation of zooplankton. In the future, combining DNA barcoding and high-throughput sequencing methods with more efficient collecting will enable us to perform quick and precise biomonitoring of any aquatic ecosystem, enabling the detection of changes in zooplankton composition resulting from climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. Nevertheless, as a first step it is fundamental to establish a baseline of DNA barcodes for the species in these ecosystems.

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“…Phantom midges (Chaoborus spp.) are a focal taxon in the environmental risk assessment of some classes of plant protection products due to their high sensitivity to acute exposure and the complexity of their life histories (Dohmen et al, 2016), in addition to their importance as regulators of zooplankton populations (Janz et al, 2016) and ecosystem services such as provision of nutrient subsidies to riparian ecosystems (Parmar et al, 2022). The larval stages are sensitive to the effects of insecticides (Maund et al, 1998;Schroer et al, 2004;van Wijngaarden et al, 2009), and post-exposure population recovery can affect concomitant zooplankton re-covery (Hanson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, some empirical evidence for multivoltinism has been reported. Data collected from 19 microcosm studies spanning 14 years at the Technical University of Munich, Germany, showed that L1s and L2s were present from mid-April to early October and L3s from early May to October or November (Janz et al, 2016). Larvae overwintered as L4s, which were present throughout the year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence timing and voltinism of phantom midges, Chaoborus spp., in the UK

Cockroft

Jenkins²,

Irwin

et al. 2022

Web Ecol.

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Abstract. Phantom midges, Chaoborus spp. (Diptera: Chaoboridae), are an important taxon in environmental risk assessment of plant protection products due to the sensitivity of their larvae to insecticides. To aid modelling of population responses to xenobiotic exposure, information on emergence timing and voltinism is needed, but definitive evidence to support these parameters is lacking in the literature. We investigated emergence timing of overwintering Chaoborus larvae and the number of life cycles occurring per year in two separate, mesh-enclosed outdoor microcosm experiments in the spring and summer of 2017. Emergence from overwintering larvae of a population of predominantly C. obscuripes (99.68 %) commenced on 13 April and peaked on 2 May. The majority of emergence was completed by 3 June. Emergence success ranged from 51.4 % to 66.2 %, indicating that for overwintered C. obscuripes larvae, adults emerged contemporaneously in spring, rather than sporadically over the course of spring and summer. A population of C. crystallinus larvae produced up to four discrete generations over the spring and summer months (i.e. were confirmed to be multivoltine), with life cycle durations (egg-to-egg) ranging from 14 to 56 d. The differences in life cycle strategy observed in this study have implications for assessment of the capacity of populations of Chaoborus spp. to recover if there are localised impacts due to insecticide exposure or other stressors.

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Temporal population dynamics of the phantom midge Chaoborus crystallinus and its influence on the zooplankton community

Cited by 7 publications

References 63 publications

Emergence timing and voltinism of phantom midges, Chaoborus spp., in the UK

Emergence timing and voltinism of phantom midges, Chaoborus spp., in the UK

Faunistic survey of the zooplankton community in an oligotrophic sinkhole, Cenote Azul (Quintana Roo, Mexico), using different sampling methods, and documented with DNA barcodes

Emergence timing and voltinism of phantom midges, Chaoborus spp., in the UK

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