Temporal synchronization support for distributed multimedia information systems

Lu, Guojun; Pung, Hung Keng; Chua, Tat-Seng; Chan, S.F.

doi:10.1016/0140-3664(94)90028-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Multimedia synchronization is one of the key technologies for the successful delivery of distributed multimedia applications (Campbell et al 1992;Lu et al 1994; Little and Ghafoor 1991;Nicolaou 1990; Rangan et al 1995;Shepherd et al 1992; Shepherd and Salmony 1990;Steinmetz 1990;IEEE 1996). It ensures the desired temporal ordering within/among the set of multimedia objects in a multimedia scenario to yield a meaningful presentation, where the multimedia objects may be discrete objects such as texts, graphics, and images, and continuous media objects such as audio and video.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prabhakaran and Raghavan (1994) focused on the temporal specification, and Little (1993) and Lu et al (1994) considered temporal synchronization. Prabhakara and Raghavan (1994) extended the timed Petri net model to embed user participations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related work in multimedia synchronization which allows user interventions includes Little (1993), Lu et al (1994), Prabhakaran and Raghavan (1994). Prabhakaran and Raghavan (1994) focused on the temporal specification, and Little (1993) and Lu et al (1994) considered temporal synchronization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the optimal recomputation period is hard to estimate. Lu et al (1994) proposed a synchronization mechanism based on the client-initiation approach in which the client sites request media transmission C time units prior to the playback deadline, where C is the sum of the maximum possible delays along the data path. They were concerned only with the simple user interactions of pause and resume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchronization of distributed multimedia systems with user interactions

Liao

1998

Multimedia Systems

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Without user interactions, multimedia presentations are just fancy slide shows with sound and video supports. User interactions by themselves do not change the temporal relationships among multimedia objects, such as texts, graphics, images, audio, and video, but affect the playback schedules. In this paper, we propose a synchronization mechanism to guarantee the quality of multimedia presentation with user interactions. In our protocol, each presentation site requests media transmission from the required media servers at certain time intervals prior to the playback deadlines, where these time intervals are the response times to cover possible experienced end-to-end delays and packet losses, and waits for an initial setup time to ensure intermedia synchronization before starting the presentation. Users may interact with the presentation. This synchronization mechanism solves the problems incurred by user interactions by determining the new presentation scenario produced by the interactive operation, calculating the corresponding setup time, and then rendering the new playback and retrieval schedules.

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