Temporal Synchrony Deficits in Amblyopia

Huang, Pi-Chun; Li, Jinrong; Deng, Daming; Yu, Minbin; Hess, Robert F.

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10835

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Spang and Fahle[81] reported reduced visual temporal resolution in the amblyopic eyes of anisometropic and strabismic participants, and that the temporal deficit correlated with amblyopia severity as in the present study. Huang and others[82] employed a synchrony detection task to demonstrate a foveal temporal processing impairment in the amblyopic eye of strabismic and anisometropic participants. Impaired temporal processing is also evident in the fellow eye in strabismic amblyopia when the judgment of temporal order requires interhemispheric transmission across the corpus callosum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in audiovisual simultaneity perception in amblyopia

2017

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Amblyopia is a developmental visual impairment that is increasingly recognized to affect higher-level perceptual and multisensory processes. To further investigate the audiovisual (AV) perceptual impairments associated with this condition, we characterized the temporal interval in which asynchronous auditory and visual stimuli are perceived as simultaneous 50% of the time (i.e., the AV simultaneity window). Adults with unilateral amblyopia (n = 17) and visually normal controls (n = 17) judged the simultaneity of a flash and a click presented with both eyes viewing. The signal onset asynchrony (SOA) varied from 0 ms to 450 ms for auditory-lead and visual-lead conditions. A subset of participants with amblyopia (n = 6) was tested monocularly. Compared to the control group, the auditory-lead side of the AV simultaneity window was widened by 48 ms (36%; p = 0.002), whereas that of the visual-lead side was widened by 86 ms (37%; p = 0.02). The overall mean window width was 500 ms, compared to 366 ms among controls (37% wider; p = 0.002). Among participants with amblyopia, the simultaneity window parameters were unchanged by viewing condition, but subgroup analysis revealed differential effects on the parameters by amblyopia severity, etiology, and foveal suppression status. Possible mechanisms to explain these findings include visual temporal uncertainty, interocular perceptual latency asymmetry, and disruption of normal developmental tuning of sensitivity to audiovisual asynchrony.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in audiovisual simultaneity perception in amblyopia

2017

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“…Recent data from Hess and his group have strengthened this by establishing that interactions between cells in disparate brain regions are reduced when driven by the amblyopic eye of strabismic subjects, from dLGN to superior visual areas, via V1 (Li et al, 2011). They have also demonstrated that amblyopia (in strabismic patients) is associated to temporal synchrony deficits (Huang et al, 2012). …”

Section: Possible Central Origins Of Strabismusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of strabismus and loss of binocular vision

Quoc

Milleret

2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Strabismus is a frequent ocular disorder that develops early in life in humans. As a general rule, it is characterized by a misalignment of the visual axes which most often appears during the critical period of visual development. However other characteristics of strabismus may vary greatly among subjects, for example, being convergent or divergent, horizontal or vertical, with variable angles of deviation. Binocular vision may also vary greatly. Our main goal here is to develop the idea that such “polymorphy” reflects a wide variety in the possible origins of strabismus. We propose that strabismus must be considered as possibly resulting from abnormal genetic and/or acquired factors, anatomical and/or functional abnormalities, in the sensory and/or the motor systems, both peripherally and/or in the brain itself. We shall particularly develop the possible “central” origins of strabismus. Indeed, we are convinced that it is time now to open this “black box” in order to move forward. All of this will be developed on the basis of both presently available data in literature (including most recent data) and our own experience. Both data in biology and medicine will be referred to. Our conclusions will hopefully help ophthalmologists to better understand strabismus and to develop new therapeutic strategies in the future. Presently, physicians eliminate or limit the negative effects of such pathology both on the development of the visual system and visual perception through the use of optical correction and, in some cases, extraocular muscle surgery. To better circumscribe the problem of the origins of strabismus, including at a cerebral level, may improve its management, in particular with respect to binocular vision, through innovating tools by treating the pathology at the source.

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“…For example, the amblyopic eye has trouble in detecting a movement or a flicker at a temporal frequency of 0.5 to 8 Hz, 9 discriminating global motion direction, 10 and segregating temporally defined figure-ground signals. 11 Huang and colleagues 12 also reported that the amblyopic eye's temporal synchrony sensitivity, which is defined as the minimum degree of temporal phase difference that enables participants to discriminate that the target is flickering asynchronously in time, was considerably higher than that of the fellow eye. These visual deficits in spatial and temporal processes are considered to be from some abnormalities in the developed visual system in the brain [13][14][15][16][17][18] rather than those in the eye.…”

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Abnormal Monocular and Dichoptic Temporal Synchrony in Adults with Amblyopia

Tao

Gong

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Tao C, Wu Y, Gong L, et al. Abnormal monocular and dichoptic temporal synchrony in adults with amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:4858-4864. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.19-27893 PURPOSE. We investigate temporal synchrony within one eye and between both eyes in adults with amblyopia. (range, 19.88-27.81 years old; median, 22.86 years old) and 12 age-matched adults with normal vision (range, 21.2-50.30 years old; median, 23.78 years old) participated in the experiment. We showed two pairs of Gaussian blobs flickering at 1 Hz as visual stimuli, one pair with the same temporal phase modulation (i.e., the reference) and another pair with a distinct temporal phase (i.e., the signal). We employed the constant stimuli method to measure the minimum degree of temporal phase (temporal synchrony threshold), at which participants were able to discriminate the signal pair under binocular, monocular, and dichoptic viewing configurations. METHODS. Eight adult amblyopesRESULTS. The temporal synchrony threshold was different across the six configurations (P ¼ 0.001). There was also an interaction between the configuration and the group (P ¼ 0.004). The synchrony threshold was significantly higher in amblyopes than in controls under the configurations where two pairs of blobs were presented to the amblyopic eye (136.52 6 50.19 vs. 97.08 6 22.02 ms, P ¼ 0.027) and where the paired blobs were presented to different eyes (163.15 6 80.85 vs. 111.61 6 22.46 ms, P ¼ 0.049). The visual deficits in these two configurations were significantly correlated (r ¼ 0.824, P ¼ 0.012).CONCLUSIONS. The threshold for detecting temporal asynchrony increased when the stimuli were presented only to the amblyopic eye and when they were dichoptically presented to the amblyopic and fellow eyes.

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Temporal Synchrony Deficits in Amblyopia

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Alterations in audiovisual simultaneity perception in amblyopia

Alterations in audiovisual simultaneity perception in amblyopia

Origins of strabismus and loss of binocular vision

Abnormal Monocular and Dichoptic Temporal Synchrony in Adults with Amblyopia

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