Temporary threshold shifts and recovery in a harbor porpoise (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) after octave-band noise at 4 kHz

Kastelein, Ronald A.; Gransier, Robin; Hoek, Lean; Olthuis, Juul

doi:10.1121/1.4757641

Cited by 59 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Finneran et al (Finneran et al, 2010a) have demonstrated a substantial increase in TTS with increasing exposure duration while keeping SEL constant. The same observation has been presented by Kastelein et al (Kastelein et al, 2012): bandpass fatiguing noise centered at 4 kHz resulted in higher TTS at an SPL of 124 dB re. 1 μPa than noise of the same SEL at an SPL of 136 dB re.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The limits of applicability of the sound exposure level (SEL) metric to temporal threshold shifts (TTS) in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas

Попов

Supin

Рожнов

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The influence of fatiguing sound level and duration on post-exposure temporary threshold shift (TTS) was investigated in two beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). The fatiguing sound was half-octave noise with a center frequency of 22.5 kHz. TTS was measured at a test frequency of 32 kHz. Thresholds were measured by recording rhythmic evoked potentials (the envelope following response) to a test series of short (eight cycles) tone pips with a pip rate of 1000 s −1 . TTS increased approximately proportionally to the dB measure of both sound pressure (sound pressure level, SPL) and duration of the fatiguing noise, as a product of these two variables. In particular, when the noise parameters varied in a manner that maintained the product of squared sound pressure and time (sound exposure level, SEL, which is equivalent to the overall noise energy) at a constant level, TTS was not constant. Keeping SEL constant, the highest TTS appeared at an intermediate ratio of SPL to sound duration and decreased at both higher and lower ratios. Multiplication (SPL multiplied by log duration) better described the experimental data than an equal-energy (equal SEL) model. The use of SEL as a sole universal metric may result in an implausible assessment of the impact of a fatiguing sound on hearing thresholds in odontocetes, including under-evaluation of potential risks.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The limits of applicability of the sound exposure level (SEL) metric to temporal threshold shifts (TTS) in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas

Попов

Supin

Рожнов

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The porpoise was well trained and had participated in a number of psychoacoustic studies, including a recent study on TTS (Kastelein et al, 2012). Veterinary records of the animal showed no exposure to ototoxic medication.…”

Section: Study Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal latency contours and auditory weighting functions for the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)

Wensveen

Huijser²,

Hoek³

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Loudness perception by human infants and animals can be studied under the assumption that sounds of equal loudness elicit equal reaction times (RTs). Simple RTs of a harbour porpoise to narrowband frequency-modulated signals were measured using a behavioural method and an RT sensor based on infrared light. Equal latency contours, which connect equal RTs across frequencies, for reference values of 150−200 ms (10 ms intervals) were derived from median RTs to 1 s signals with sound pressure levels (SPLs) of 59-168 dB re. 1 μPa and centre frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 16, 31.5, 63, 80 and 125 kHz. The higher the signal level was above the hearing threshold of the harbour porpoise, the quicker the animal responded to the stimulus (median RT 98−522 ms). Equal latency contours roughly paralleled the hearing threshold at relatively low sensation levels (higher RTs). The difference in shape between the hearing threshold and the equal latency contours was more pronounced at higher levels (lower RTs); a flattening of the contours occurred for frequencies below 63 kHz. Relationships of the equal latency contour levels with the hearing threshold were used to create smoothed functions assumed to be representative of equal loudness contours. Auditory weighting functions were derived from these smoothed functions that may be used to predict perceived levels and correlated noise effects in the harbour porpoise, at least until actual equal loudness contours become available.

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“…If animals remained in the impact zones, they would be exposed for weeks to noise levels known to impair harbor porpoise hearing in short-term experiments (e.g. Lucke et al 2009, Kastelein et al 2012. Alternatively, if porpoises avoided the seismic survey area and moved tens of kilometers, as documented in other areas (see above), this would force them out of their core habitat, either south of the species' range, offshore into deep waters, or into areas of low porpoise density, where the habitat is presumably sub-optimal because of reduced prey availability or other ecological factors (Fig.…”

Section: Case Studies Case 1: Harbor Porpoises Off Central Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nowhere to go: noise impact assessments for marine mammal populations with high site fidelity

Forney¹,

Southall²,

Slooten³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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As awareness of the effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammals has grown, research has broadened from evaluating physiological responses, including injury and mortality, to considering effects on behavior and acoustic communication. Most mitigation efforts attempt to minimize injury by enabling animals to move away as noise levels are increased gradually. Recent experiences demonstrate that this approach is inadequate or even counterproductive for small, localized marine mammal populations, for which displacement of animals may itself cause harm. Seismic surveys within the ranges of harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena in California and Mā ui dolphin Cephalorhynchus hectori maui in New Zealand highlight the need to explicitly consider biological risks posed by displacement during survey planning, monitoring, and mitigation. Consequences of displacement are poorly understood, but likely include increased stress and reduced foraging success, with associated effects on survival and reproduction. In some cases, such as the Critically Endangered Mā ui dolphin, displacement by seismic activities risks exposing the remaining 55 dolphins to bycatch in nearby fisheries. Similar concerns about military and industrial activities exist for island-associated species such as melon-headed whales Peponocephala electra in Hawai'i; shelf-break associated species such as Cuvier's beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris off the US Atlantic coast, and whales foraging in coastal habitats, such as the Critically Endangered western gray whale Eschrichtius robustus. We present an expanded framework for considering disturbance effects that acknowledges scientific uncertainty, providing managers and operators a more robust means of assessing and avoiding potential harm associated with both displacement and direct effects of intense anthropogenic noise exposure.

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Temporary threshold shifts and recovery in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) after octave-band noise at 4 kHz

Cited by 59 publications

References 42 publications

The limits of applicability of the sound exposure level (SEL) metric to temporal threshold shifts (TTS) in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas

The limits of applicability of the sound exposure level (SEL) metric to temporal threshold shifts (TTS) in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas

Equal latency contours and auditory weighting functions for the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)

Nowhere to go: noise impact assessments for marine mammal populations with high site fidelity

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