Tephra, snow and water: complex sedimentary responses at an active snow-capped stratovolcano, Ruapehu, New Zealand

Manville, V.; Hodgson, K. A.; Houghton, B. F.; Keys, John; White, James D. L.

doi:10.1007/s004450000096

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…St. Helens, USA, (Driedger, 1980) and for the tephra that erupted in 1996 at Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand, (Manville et al, 2000) to <5.5 mm for the tephra from the 1947 eruption of the Hekla volcano, Iceland, (Kirkbride and Dugmore, 2003) and the tephra from the Villarica volcano in Chile (Brock et al, 2007). The reasons for this disparity in critical tephra thicknesses are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Conductivity and the Unfrozen Water Contents of Volcanic Ash Deposits in Cold Climate Conditions: A Review

Кузнецова

2017

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract-Layers of volcanic ash and Andosol soils derived from the ash may play an important role in preserving snow and ice as well as in the development of permafrost conditions in (a) the immediate vicinity of volcanoes at high elevations or at high latitudes and (b) land areas that are often distant from volcanic activity and are either prone to permafrost or covered by snow and ice, but have been affected by subaerial ash deposition. The special properties of volcanic ash are critically reviewed, particularly in relation to recent research in Kamchatka in the Far East of Russia. Of special importance are the thermal properties, the unfrozen water contents of ash layers, and the rate of volcanic glass weathering. Weathering of volcanic glass results in the development of amorphous clay minerals (e.g. allophane, opal, palagonite), but occurs at a much slower rate under cold compared to warm climate conditions. Existing data reveal (1) a strong correlation between the thermal conductivity, the water/ice content, and the mineralogy of the weathered part of the volcanic ash, (2) that an increase in the amounts of amorphous clay minerals (allophane, palagonite) increases the proportion of unfrozen water and decreases the thermal conductivity, and (3) that amorphous silica does not alter to halloysite or other clay minerals, even in the Early Pleistocene age (Kamchatka) volcanic ashes or in the Miocene and Pliocene deposits of Antarctica due to the cold temperatures. The significance of these findings are discussed in relation to past climate reconstruction and the influence of volcanic ash on permafrost aggradation and degradation, snow and ice ablation, and the development of glaciers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Conductivity and the Unfrozen Water Contents of Volcanic Ash Deposits in Cold Climate Conditions: A Review

Кузнецова

2017

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Thin tephra layers on Mt. Ruapehu have been shown to enhance glacier melt; thicker tephra layers have resulted in sub-tephra melting and creation of ice dolines [49]. Table 2.…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Supraglacial Dust and Debris Geochemical Composition via Satellite Reflectance and Emissivity

Casey

Kääb

2012

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:We demonstrate spectral estimation of supraglacial dust, debris, ash and tephra geochemical composition from glaciers and ice fields in Iceland, Nepal, New Zealand and Switzerland. Surface glacier material was collected and analyzed via X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for geochemical composition and mineralogy. In situ data was used as ground truth for comparison with satellite derived geochemical results. Supraglacial debris spectral response patterns and emissivity-derived silica weight percent are presented. Qualitative spectral response patterns agreed well with XRF elemental abundances. Quantitative emissivity estimates of supraglacial SiO 2 in continental areas were 67% (Switzerland) and 68% (Nepal), while volcanic supraglacial SiO 2 averages were 58% (Iceland) and 56% (New Zealand), yielding general agreement. Ablation season supraglacial temperature variation due to differing dust and debris type and coverage was also investigated, with surface debris temperatures ranging from 5.9 to 26.6• C in the study regions. Applications of the supraglacial geochemical reflective and emissive characterization methods include glacier areal extent mapping, debris source identification, glacier kinematics and glacier energy balance considerations.

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“…9a). Manville et al, (2000) established that, once the tephra is deposited on glacial surfaces remobilization processes soon start. For instance, the tephra/snow/water interactions were produced at Ruapehu over a range of scales and controlled by tephra thickness, grain size, distribution and stratigraphy; slope angle, aspect, and nature of the substrate; and climatic parameters such as mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, insulation and precipitation.…”

Section: Tephra Fallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, eruptions characterized by intermittent eruptive activity of variable, moderate intensity act over years or decades, producing gradual changes on the glaciers. In the 1995-1996 eruptive episode of Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand, sub-plinian eruptions deposited thick tephra layers on ice and seasonal snow, resulting in complex post-eruptive interactions of tephra, snow and liquid water (Manville et al, 2000). In general such changes are, less dramatic but equally important and more difficult to document.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the eruptive activity on glacier evolution at Popocatépetl Volcano (México) during 1994–2004

Julio-Miranda

Delgado-Granados

Huggel

et al. 2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Tephra, snow and water: complex sedimentary responses at an active snow-capped stratovolcano, Ruapehu, New Zealand

Cited by 60 publications

References 41 publications

Thermal Conductivity and the Unfrozen Water Contents of Volcanic Ash Deposits in Cold Climate Conditions: A Review

Thermal Conductivity and the Unfrozen Water Contents of Volcanic Ash Deposits in Cold Climate Conditions: A Review

Estimation of Supraglacial Dust and Debris Geochemical Composition via Satellite Reflectance and Emissivity

Impact of the eruptive activity on glacier evolution at Popocatépetl Volcano (México) during 1994–2004

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