Ternary composites of polyaniline with polyvinyl alcohol and Cu by inverse emulsion polymerization: A comparative study

Abstract

Addition of inorganic particles and insulating polymeric materials to conducting polymers allows the alteration and modification of physical properties of the conducting polymer. An inverse emulsion polymerization technique was employed for the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI), composites of PANI with copper (PANI‐Cu), polyvinyl alcohol (PANI‐PVA), as well as composites of PANI with Cu and PVA (PANI‐Cu‐PVA) under comparable experimental conditions. The FTIR and UV/Vis, spectra were employed to determine the chemical structure. The morphology of the synthesized composites was studied by SEM technique. The XRD pattern illustrates good crystallinity of the composites with improved conductivity at room temperature. The TGA results show an increase in the thermal stability of the composites. The results show that co‐addition of PVA and Cu into PANI greatly affects the properties of PANI as well as the solubility as the composites were soluble in a number of commonly used organic solvents such as DMSO, NMP, chloroform, 2:1 mixture of chloroform and 2‐propanol, and 2:1 mixture of toluene and 2‐propanol.

Fabrication of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Polyaniline Nanofiber/Graphene Hydrogel for High-Performance Coin Cell Supercapacitor

“…As the MLG used in our work was exfoliated by an electrochemical method, it suffers less from aggregation of sheets than conventional reduced graphene oxides [4]. In addition to the -O-B-O-crosslinks within the PVA-PANI HDG, the presence of MLG intensifies London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking forces between the MLG, PVA, and PANI chains [5,9,22,23]. Hydrogen bonds occur between the -NH 2 groups of PANI and -OH groups of PVA chains, and the -O-B-O-crosslinks can generate additional hydrogen bonds with both.…”

“…Hydrogen bonds occur between the -NH 2 groups of PANI and -OH groups of PVA chains, and the -O-B-O-crosslinks can generate additional hydrogen bonds with both. In addition, the B atoms of the -O-B-O-crosslinks can form dipole-dipole forces with the H atoms of both of these groups [5,22,23]. As the graphene sheets contain sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms, they can create π-π stacking with the PANI chains [9].…”

“…The roles of each component contributing to synergistic effects are as follows: (1) The hydrogen bonding force between the PVA chains promotes the formation of mechanically and thermally strong hydrogels. In addition, PVA improves the dispersibility of PANI nanofibers and MLG through strong hydrogen bonding with PANI nanofibers and dipole-dipole interaction with MLG [5,22,23]. To identify the effects of PVA on the morphology of PANI HDGs, FE-SEM images of PVA-PANI HDGs with different PVA contents are shown in Figures 3a-c.…”

“…In particular, when the PVA content was 5 wt.%, nanofibers of 40-50 nm in diameter and 500-1,000 nm in length were found within the PVA-PANI HDG, similar to the dimensions of pure PANI nanofibers (Figure 3a). PANI nanoparticles were also generated using PVA contents of 10 and 15 wt.%; the diameters of PVA improves the dispersibility of PANI nanofibers and MLG through strong hydrogen bonding with PANI nanofibers and dipole-dipole interaction with MLG [5,22,23]. 2) Excellent redox properties and high electrical activity of PANI maximize the function of the prepared PVA-PANI-MLG HDG as a pseudocapacitor [4][5][6][7][8][9]21,22].…”

“…PANI nanoparticles were also generated using PVA contents of 10 and 15 wt.%; the diameters of PVA improves the dispersibility of PANI nanofibers and MLG through strong hydrogen bonding with PANI nanofibers and dipole-dipole interaction with MLG [5,22,23]. 2) Excellent redox properties and high electrical activity of PANI maximize the function of the prepared PVA-PANI-MLG HDG as a pseudocapacitor [4][5][6][7][8][9]21,22]. 3) MLG not only provides additional energy storage by the electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) mechanism, but also reinforces the thermal and mechanical properties of polymeric materials such as PANI and PVA, thereby increasing the reliability and lifetime of the PVA-PANI-MLG HDG [7−9].…”