Terrestrial and Marine Palynomorphs as Sea-Level Proxies: An Example From Quaternary Sediments on the New Jersey Margin, U.S.A.

McCarthy, Francine M G; Gostlin, Kevin E.; Mudie, Peta J.; Hopkins, Jennifer A.

doi:10.2110/pec.03.75.0119

Cited by 17 publications

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“…The most obvious result is the selective destruction of protoperidiniacean dinoflagellate cysts, especially the genus Brigantedinium, after relatively short exposure to hydrogen peroxide. This confirms the inferences made by authors based on the scarcity of protoperidiniacean dinoflagellate cysts in oxidized natural settings, contrasted with their abundance in most unoxidized marine sediments (Zonneveld et al, 1997(Zonneveld et al, , 2001McCarthy et al, , 2002. The destruction of protoperidiniacean cysts is the major factor explaining the marked decrease in total palynomorph concentration, the marked increase in the ratio of gonyaulacacean: protoperidiniacean dinoflagellate cysts, and the increase in the pollen:dinoflagellate cyst ratio.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Recently, marine palynological assemblages have been used in sequence stratigraphic studies (Habib and Miller, 1989;McCarthy et al, 2002). The stratigraphic context of the samples in this study is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major difference between them is the greater accommodation resulting from the generation of erosional unconformity, i.e. surface pp3(s), during the mid Quaternary McCarthy et al, 2002). This resulted in more distal conditions and aggradation of sediments with relatively low P:D and G:P values in unit E (Sample 4R-CC) which Brigantedinium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These represent offshelf spillover and winnowing and erosion under the influence of contour and bottom currents during interglacial highstands when the depocenter was shoreward of Hole 1073A. The dearth of protoperidiniacean dinoflagellate cysts in these bioturbated sandy sediments was attributed to taphonomic skewing, and not as a true reflection of surface water conditions (Savrda et al, 2001;McCarthy et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Post-Depositional Palynomorph Degradation in Quaternary Shelf Sediments: A Laboratory Experiment Studying the Effects of Progressive Oxidation

Hopkins

2002

Palynology

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Although one of the main advantages of palynology over other branches of micropaleontology is the extraordinary resistance of sporopollenin to chemical degradation, this highly inert substance is susceptible to oxidation. Replicate marine samples of late Pleistocene age from the New Jersey shelf were subjected to different degrees of exposure to an oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide). Similar palynological trends were identified with increased exposure to hydrogen peroxide, including: 1) a marked decrease in total palynomorph concentration over the first 30 minutes, 2) a marked increase in the gonyaulacacean: protoperidiniacean dinoflagellate cyst ratio which reached infinite values within the first 1/2 to 2 hours, and 3) an increase in the pollen:dinoflagellate cyst ratio over the first 1 to 3 hours. The exercise in progressive oxidation had a large impact on the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, but a lesser impact on the pollen assemblages, presumably reflecting the selective destruction of the more susceptible taxa long before the accumulation of anemophilous terrestrial palynomorphs. The selective destruction of protoperidiniacean cysts (particularly Brigantedinium spp.) at relatively low levels of oxidation skews the sample toward the more resistant gonyaulacacean cysts (notably Bitectatodinium tepikiense and Spiniferites spp.) and resistant pollen (notably Pinus) and embryophyte spores. This taphonomic skewing should be recognized in biostratigraphic and paleoecological studies in order to avoid spurious interpretations. There are, however, positive applications of palynomorph taphonomy in sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic studies, such as in distinguishing distal turbidites from pelagites, which is difficult to accomplish using sedimentological criteria, and in distinguishing erosional surfaces from condensed sections, both of which generate strong seismic reflections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Post-Depositional Palynomorph Degradation in Quaternary Shelf Sediments: A Laboratory Experiment Studying the Effects of Progressive Oxidation

Hopkins

2002

Palynology

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“…Carya, are greatly under-represented, particularly beyond the shelf break (McCarthy & Mudie, 1998;McCarthy et al, 2003). Our copepod and faecal pellet experiments show that zooplankton feeding is not the major pathway of deposition suggested by Chmura et al (1999), but that agglomeration and flocculation are important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Marine palynology: potentials for onshore—offshore correlation of Pleistocene—Holocene records

Mudie

McCarthy

2006

Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa

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A review of marine pollen-spore distributions reveals regional variations in primary transport pathways. Fluvial transport prevails on the mountainous margins of the eastern Pacific and off maj,or river deltas, including Arctic estuaries. Elsewhere, wind and sea ice are the main transport agents, and pollen concentration corresponds to dust influx. Redeposition of Quaternary palynomorphs is also important near emergent continental ice sheet centres where fine-grained sediment is being eroded. Pre-Quaternary palynomorphs can indicate sources of ice-rafted debris. Preservation and transport of pollen in marine sediments is not well understood. Laboratory processing with acetolysis shows damage of bisaccate grains, and copepod feeding experiments show some pollen damage of grains within the faecal pellet membranes.A multi-box model shows the relative importance of rivers, wind and ocean currents in pollen transport to shelves of Atlantic Canada: most pollen is wind-transported, but large storms may indirectly increase influx. In the Arctic, sea ice scouring and sediment transport are important in addition to northeasterly winds. These glacial processes would impact a third of the planet during glaciations. Pleistocene cores from NW Atlantic and Pacific Oceans show that glacial stage transport differed from that during Holocene and other interglacials because glacioeustatic lowstands exposed the continental shelves, and wind strength and direction changed following ice sheet growth. Pollen influxes and ice-volume records show variable leads and lags of palaeometerological events at glacialhnterglacial boundaries, with a major decline in terrigenous organics after -0.4 Ma (MIS 13-11).

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Orbital, tectonic and oceanographic controls on Pliocene climate and atmospheric circulation in Arctic Norway

Panitz

Salzmann

Risebrobakken

et al. 2018

Global and Planetary Change

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During the Pliocene Epoch, a stronger-than-present overturning circulation has been invoked to explain the enhanced warming in the Nordic Seas region in comparison to low to midlatitude regions. While marine records are indicative of changes in the northward heat transport via the North Atlantic Current (NAC) during the Pliocene, the long-term terrestrial climate evolution and its driving mechanisms are poorly understood. We present the first two-million-year-long Pliocene pollen record for the Nordic Seas region from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 642B, reflecting vegetation and climate in Arctic Norway, to assess the 2 influence of oceanographic and atmospheric controls on Pliocene climate evolution. The vegetation record reveals a long-term cooling trend in northern Norway, which might be 24 linked to a general decline in atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the studied interval, and 25 climate oscillations primarily controlled by precession (23 kyr), obliquity (54 kyr) and eccentricity (100 kyr) forcing. In addition, the record identifies four major shifts in Pliocene vegetation and climate mainly controlled by changes in northward heat transport via the NAC. Cool temperate (warmer than present) conditions prevailed between 5.03-4.30 Ma, 3.90-3.47 Ma and 3.29-3.16 Ma and boreal (similar to present) conditions predominated between 4.30-3.90 Ma, 3.47-3.29 and after 3.16 Ma. A distinct decline in sediment and pollen accumulation rates at c. 4.65 Ma is probably linked to changes in ocean currents, marine productivity and atmospheric circulation. Climate model simulations suggest that changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the Early Pliocene could have affected atmospheric circulation in the Nordic Seas region, which would have affected the direction of pollen transport from Scandinavia to ODP Hole 642B.

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Terrestrial and Marine Palynomorphs as Sea-Level Proxies: An Example From Quaternary Sediments on the New Jersey Margin, U.S.A.

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Post-Depositional Palynomorph Degradation in Quaternary Shelf Sediments: A Laboratory Experiment Studying the Effects of Progressive Oxidation

Post-Depositional Palynomorph Degradation in Quaternary Shelf Sediments: A Laboratory Experiment Studying the Effects of Progressive Oxidation

Marine palynology: potentials for onshore—offshore correlation of Pleistocene—Holocene records

Orbital, tectonic and oceanographic controls on Pliocene climate and atmospheric circulation in Arctic Norway

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