Objective. To investigate the efficacy of 4 weeks of preoperative and 4 weeks of postoperative progressive resistance training (PRT), compared to 4 weeks of postoperative PRT only on functional performance, muscle strength, and patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods. In total, 59 patients were randomized to 4 weeks of preoperative PRT (intervention group) or to a group who lived as usual (control group). Both groups performed 4 weeks of PRT after TKA. At 6 weeks and 1 week before TKA, and at 1, 6, and 12 weeks after TKA, performance-based measures (30-second chair stand test [30sCST], timedup-and-go [TUG], and walking tests), knee extensor and flexor muscle strength (dynamometry), patient-reported functional performance, health-related quality of life, and pain scores were evaluated. Results. When comparing the changes from baseline to the primary test point 6 weeks after TKA, a significant group difference in favor of the intervention group was found for the 30sCST (2. Conclusion. Supervised preoperative PRT is an efficacious and safe intervention for improving postoperative functional performance and muscle strength, but improvements in patient-reported outcomes were not detected.