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The present study investigated the influence of two Brazilian environments on the physico-chemical and physiological properties of Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) – an oilseed plant of great potential in biodiesel production. Fruits and seeds of plants grown in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest (AF) and in the semiarid climate of Caatinga (SA) were compared. Fruits from the SA were longer, wider and heavier than those from the AF. In contrast, the AF seeds were larger and heavier than the SA seeds. Soluble sugars, protein, relative water content and electrical conductivity of the SA seeds significantly exceeded that of the AF seeds by 28%, 23%, 32% and 94%, respectively. Seeds of the AF had a significantly greater percentage germination (17.5%) and needed less time to germinate (10%) than did the SA seeds. Shoot dry biomass of seedlings grown from the AF seeds significantly exceeded that of the SA by 18.5%. Results suggest this pattern may be due to the higher carbon storage (i.e. sugars, proteins and oil) in the AF than SA seeds. Further studies are warranted to verify whether the differences observed between the seed sources investigated in the present study could be due to varietal or biotype factors.
The present study investigated the influence of two Brazilian environments on the physico-chemical and physiological properties of Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) – an oilseed plant of great potential in biodiesel production. Fruits and seeds of plants grown in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest (AF) and in the semiarid climate of Caatinga (SA) were compared. Fruits from the SA were longer, wider and heavier than those from the AF. In contrast, the AF seeds were larger and heavier than the SA seeds. Soluble sugars, protein, relative water content and electrical conductivity of the SA seeds significantly exceeded that of the AF seeds by 28%, 23%, 32% and 94%, respectively. Seeds of the AF had a significantly greater percentage germination (17.5%) and needed less time to germinate (10%) than did the SA seeds. Shoot dry biomass of seedlings grown from the AF seeds significantly exceeded that of the SA by 18.5%. Results suggest this pattern may be due to the higher carbon storage (i.e. sugars, proteins and oil) in the AF than SA seeds. Further studies are warranted to verify whether the differences observed between the seed sources investigated in the present study could be due to varietal or biotype factors.
RESUMO -O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da pré-hidratação na eficiência do teste de condutividade elétrica para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja. Sementes de seis lotes da cultivar BRS-231, de tamanho uniforme por sua retenção na peneira 6,5mm, foram submetidas aos tratamentos de pré-hidratação em atmosfera saturada e em substrato umedecido, por 3, 6, 9 e 12 horas, antes da imersão em água e posterior leitura da condutividade elétrica com 18 e 24 horas. A qualidade dos lotes foi avaliada pela determinação do teor de água e pelos testes de germinação, frio sem solo, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica sem pré-hidratação após 18 e 24 horas e emergência das plântulas em campo. Os métodos de pré-hidratação em atmosfera saturada e substrato umedecido contribuem para melhorar a eficiência do teste de condutividade elétrica, quando comparados com a imersão das sementes diretamente em água.Tempos de pré-hidratação, a partir das seis horas até doze horas podem ser utilizados para identificação de diferenças menos acentuadas na qualidade fisiológica, de sementes de soja para leituras de condutividade elétrica após 18 e 24 horas de embebição. ABSTRACT -The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-hydration on the efficiency of the electrical conductivity test in the evaluation of the physiological potential of soybean seeds. Seeds of six lots of cv. BRS -231, uniform size retained in the sieve 6,5mm, were submitted to the pre-hydration treatments in saturated atmosphere and in humidified substratum, for 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours, before immersion in water and posterior reading of the electrical conductivity test at 18 and 24 hours. The quality of the lots was evaluated by the determination of water content and the stand germination, cold test without soil, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity tests without pre-hydration after 18 and 24 hours and seedling emergence in the field. The methods of prehydration saturated atmosphere and humidified substratum can improve the efficiency of the electric conductivity test, when compared directly with seeds soaked in pre-hydration water. Times, starting from six hours up to twelve hours can be used to identify less accentuated differences in the physiological quality of soybean seeds for readings after 18 and 24 hours imbibition.
-Currently, the highest interest with respect to the assessment of seed physiological quality is to obtain reliable results in a relatively short period of time. This initiative allows for prompt decisions during different phases of seed production primarily after physiological maturity. This research was performed to verify the efficiency and rapidity of the method of Pettenkofer to determine the respiratory activity and to differentiate vigor levels of soybean seed lots. Three lots of soybean seeds cv. 8000 were used. Seed performance was determined by respiratory activity, compared to the following tests: standard germination, germination first count, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence, seedling shoot and root length and total dry mass. Results ranked seed lots according to defferences in physiological quality. Seed imbibition and conditioning period in Pettenkofer's equipment were enough to detect differences in vigor among seed lots, showing that the determination of the respiratory activity is a promising procedure to identify differences in vigor levels among soybean seed lots.Index terms: physiological quality, respiration, seed analysis. ATIVIDADE RESPIRATÓRIA PARA A DIFERENCIAÇÃO DO VIGOR DE LOTES DE SEMENTES DE SOJARESUMO -Um dos aspectos mais importantes da avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes é a obtenção de resultados confiáveis em período de tempo relativamente curto. Essa rapidez permite a pronta tomada de decisões durante diferentes etapas da produção de sementes. Portanto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência e rapidez do método de Pettenkofer na determinação da atividade respiratória para diferenciar o vigor de lotes de sementes de soja. Para tanto, foram utilizados lotes de sementes de soja cv. 8000. Além da determinação da atividade respiratória, foram conduzidos os seguintes testes, considerados eficientes para identificar o potencial de desempenho das sementes: grau de umidade, germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, condutividade elétrica, emergência de plântulas, comprimento de parte aérea, raiz e massa seca total. Os resultados desses testes e a determinação da atividade respiratória das sementes permitiram a classificação dos lotes em diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica. O período de embebição e de permanência das sementes no aparelho de Pettenkofer foi suficiente para proporcionar a distinção dos lotes, de modo que a determinação da atividade respiratória constitui procedimento promissor para identificar diferenças na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja.Palavras chave: análise de sementes, qualidade fisiológica, respiração.172 C. R. MENDES et al.
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