Tetralogy of Fallot

Apitz, Christian; Webb, Gary D.; Redington, Andrew N.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60657-7

Cited by 504 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart diseases (Apitz et al, 2009). Children with the tetralogy of Fallot soon discovered the symptomatic relief obtained by squatting after exercise (Lurie, 1953).…”

Section: Clinical Applications 1) Cyanotic Patients With Cardiac Malfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squatting test: A posture to study and counteract cardiovascular abnormalities associated with autonomic dysfunction

Philips

Scheen

2011

Autonomic Neuroscience

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word count = 225 words SUMMARYThe squatting test is an active posture manoeuvre that imposes one of the most potent orthostatic stresses. In normal subjects, the changes in blood pressure and heart rate are transient because of appropriate baroreflex homeostasis and do not provoke symptoms.However, in various pathological conditions, both the increase in blood pressure during squatting and the decrease in blood pressure during standing may be more important and sustained, potentially leading to complaints and adverse events. Squatting has been used to evaluate patients with tetralogy of Fallot, heart transplant, dysautonomia, including diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, and individuals prone to vasovagal syncope. Careful analysis of changes in blood pressure and heart rate during the transition from standing to squatting and from squatting to standing allows the early detection of altered vagal and/or sympathetic function. Of note squatting position has been proposed as a therapeutic mean to counteract the fall in blood pressure in patients suffering from dizziness due to dysautonomia and orthostatic hypotension or presenting pre-syncope symptoms, such as soon after exercise.The aims of the present review are to analyse the haemodynamic pattern during a squatting test in various pathological situations and to describe what may be the negative and positive haemodynamic changes associated with this posture. We were especially interested in using the squatting test for the assessment of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Clinical Applications 1) Cyanotic Patients With Cardiac Malfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squatting test: A posture to study and counteract cardiovascular abnormalities associated with autonomic dysfunction

Philips

Scheen

2011

Autonomic Neuroscience

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“…Here, we show that CSCs are present in heart biopsies of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), a common congenital disease [24]. We then studied the proliferative and myogenic potentials of CSCs by comparing properties of CSCs isolated by three different protocols, c-KIT + cell sorting, expansion of clonogenic cells, and explant culturing both in vitro and in vivo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Characterization of Human Cardiac Stem Cells Reveals Key Features Essential for Their Function and Safety

Vahdat

Mousavi

Omrani

et al. 2015

Stem Cells and Development

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“…Numerous previous echocardiography studies have reported enlarged aortas in TOF, yet the prevalence of aortic dilatation varies widely depending on definition and cut-off values [2,7,29]. In a large multicenter study an aortic root diameter of C40 mm was found in 29 % of adult TOF patients [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dimensions of the Ascending Aorta in Children and Adolescents with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Obtained by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Mende¹,

Gräfe²,

Dähnert³

et al. 2016

Thorac cardiovasc Surg

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Introduction Dilatation of the ascending aorta is a common finding in Tetralogy of fallot (TOF). We sought to provide aortic dimensions in children and adolescents after corrected TOF obtained by contrast-enhanced cardiacmagnetic-resonance angiography (CE-CMRA) that could serve as reference values. Materials and methods We enrolled 101 children and adolescents (56 male) with a median age of 10.9 years. All patients underwent CE-CMRA imaging using a 3-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo-sequence. Aortic diameters were measured at the level of the aortic valve (AV), aortic sinus (AS), sino-tubular junction (STJ) and the ascending aorta (AA) and compared with normal values obtained from literature. Sex-specific aortic dimensions are given as percentile curves as well as z scores. Furthermore CMR volumetric and functional parameters as well as clinical and anamnestic data were analyzed to identify parameters that are associated with aortic dilatation. Results Diameters for aortic size for males were 3.6 ? 16.6*BSA 0.5 at the AV level, 7.0 ? 19.5*BSA 0.5 at the AS level, 7.0 ? 14.4*BSA 0.5 at the STJ level and 7.3 ? 15.5*BSA 0.5 at the AA level. Diameters for females were 5.8 ? 14.1*BSA 0.5 at the AV level, 7.2 ? 17.6*BSA 0.5 at the AS level, 5.2 ? 15.4*BSA 0.5 at the STJ level and 2.0 ? 17.8*BSA 0.5 at the AA level. All diameters in TOF patients were larger compared with normal values. The postoperative interval and age at examination were the only parameters associated with aortic size at all measured levels. Conclusion We provide CE-CMRA data of aortic dimensions in children and adolescents after correction of TOF. Our data might be useful for an estimation of the ''normal'' aortic size in this patient cohort and can serve as a basis for future longitudinal studies adding prognostic data.

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Tetralogy of Fallot

Cited by 504 publications

References 87 publications

Squatting test: A posture to study and counteract cardiovascular abnormalities associated with autonomic dysfunction

Squatting test: A posture to study and counteract cardiovascular abnormalities associated with autonomic dysfunction

Cellular and Molecular Characterization of Human Cardiac Stem Cells Reveals Key Features Essential for Their Function and Safety

Dimensions of the Ascending Aorta in Children and Adolescents with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Obtained by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Angiography

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