“That's Gay”: Sexual Prejudice, Gender Identity, Norms, and Homophobic Communication

Hall, Jeffrey A.; LaFrance, Betty

doi:10.1080/01463373.2012.641833

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although producing these four broad categories based on dichotomies of high or low masculinity and femininity proved to be popular in research, methodologists have argued that such personality measures should be represented by continuous scales that are then subjected to regression analyses (e.g., Hall and Taylor 1985;see also MacCallum et al 2002).…”

Section: Gender Identity Based On Gender-stereotypical Personality Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In additional support, women who identified with their gender group were especially likely to experience stereotype threat and perform poorly on a math test (Schmader 2002), and these deleterious effects were strongest among the highly identified women who believed that poor math performance was a group attribute (Kiefer and Sekaquaptewa 2007). Men who were highly identified with their gender group also were more likely to censure homosexuality as a violation of male ingroup norms (Hall and LaFrance 2012). An additional implication of the compatibility principle is that gender self-categorization within a particular context should predict behaviors only within that context.…”

Section: Prediction From Gender Self-categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity

2015

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Gender identity reflects people's understanding of themselves in terms of cultural definitions of female and male. In this article, we identify two traditions of research on gender identity that capture different aspects of masculine and feminine gender roles. The classic personality approach to gender identity differentiates communal from agentic traits and interests. The gender self-categorization approach comprises identification with the social category of women or men. Based on the compatibility principle, each approach should predict behaviors within the relevant content domain. Thus, personality measures likely predict communal and agentic behaviors, whereas gender self-categorization measures likely predict group-level reactions such as ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. Researchers have the option of using one or the other conception of gender identity, depending on their particular question of interest. Relying primarily on research conducted in the U.S., we show that both traditions provide insight into the ways that gendered self concepts link the social roles of women and men with their individual cognitions, emotions, and behaviors.

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Section: Gender Identity Based On Gender-stereotypical Personality Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prediction From Gender Self-categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity

2015

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“…On the other hand, they institutionalize homophobic attitudes and shape the environment which reinforces them. Research shows that when people face social norms reflecting a positive attitude to homosexuals, their own attitudes become more positive, whereas priming or perception of norms involving discrimination against homosexuals reinforces the negative attitudes towards them (Hall & LaFrance, 2012;Klein, Snyder, & Livingston, 2004;Pereira, Monteiro, & Camino, 2009;Worthen, 2014). Thus, apart from its specific purposes, the new Russian legislation regarding homosexuality serves as a source of explicit social norms directed against homosexuals and reinforces the social attitudes.…”

Section: Attitudes To Homosexuals In Russia: Content Structure and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Отношение К Гомосексуалам В России: Содержание, Структура И Предикторы

Gulevich¹,

Осин²,

Исаенко³

et al. 2016

psychology

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Despite the growth of negative attitudes to homosexuals in Russia the research into this topic has been extremely scarce. Based on the analysis of social discourse, we have created a pool of items and undertaken three empirical studies aimed to develop and validate the Russian Attitudes to Homosexuals Inventory (RAHI) and investigate the associations of homophobic attitudes with a range of demographic and psychological variables. In Study 1 we used an online sample (N = 1,007) and explored the structure of the item pool, finding 8 factors, 5 of which referred to different dimensions of perceived threat of homosexuals (to individuals, morals, society, Russian culture, and heterosexual lifestyle) and 3 described social strategies directed at homosexuals (criminal punishment, medical treatment, and discrimination vs. protection). The scales were highly reliable (␣ = .82-.91) and formed a single second-order dimension, labelled general index of homophobia. Negative attitudes to homosexuals were stronger in males, religious respondents, and those heterosexuals who denied having experienced any feelings of same-sex attraction in their life. In Study 2 (paper-based sample, N = 292) we cross-validated the second-order structure of the RAHI. Using hierarchical multiple regression we found that homophobia was positively predicted by authoritarianism and negatively predicted by experience of same-sex attraction and social contact with homosexuals as friends. We also found weaker positive associations of homophobia with religiosity, social identification with gender, masculinity, extraversion, and social desirability, as well as a negative association with openness. In Study 3 we used contrast groups of neutral and anti-homosexual online community members (N = 330 and N = 107) to check the criterion validity of the RAHI. The findings are in line with the existing body of research from other countries, but reveal the culturally-specific features of the content of Russian homophobia (e.g., homosexuality is viewed as a result of Western influence). The RAHI emerged as a valid and reliable tool, which can be used for future Russian-language studies.

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“…On the other hand, they institutionalize homophobic attitudes and shape the environment which reinforces them. Research shows that when people face social norms reflecting a positive attitude to homosexuals, their own attitudes become more positive, whereas priming or perception of norms involving discrimination against homosexuals reinforces the negative attitudes towards them (Hall & LaFrance, 2012;Klein, Snyder, & Livingston, 2004;Pereira, Monteiro, & Camino, 2009;Worthen, 2014). Thus, apart from its specific purposes, the new Russian legislation regarding homosexuality serves as a source of explicit social norms directed against Attitudes to Homosexuals in Russia 81 homosexuals and reinforces the social attitudes.…”

Section: Attitudes To Homosexuals In Russia: Content Structure and mentioning

confidence: 99%

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2016

psychology

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“That's Gay”: Sexual Prejudice, Gender Identity, Norms, and Homophobic Communication

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity

Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity

Отношение К Гомосексуалам В России: Содержание, Структура И Предикторы

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