The 2014 effusive eruption at Stromboli volcano (Italy): Inferences from soil CO2 flux and 3He/4He ratio in thermal waters

Rizzo, Andrea Luca; Federico, C.; Inguaggiato, Salvatore; Sollami, Aldo; Tantillo, Mariano; Vita, Fabio; Bellomo, S.; Longo, Manfredi; Grassa, Fausto; Liuzzo, Marco

doi:10.1002/2014gl062955

Cited by 48 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…(≈100 m below the NEC, Di Traglia et al 2015;Rizzo et al 2015;Zakšek et al 2015). Debris cone material likely reached the sea, but tsunami waves were not recorded.…”

Section: Stromboli Debris Talus Roto-translational Slidementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines on the use of inverse velocity method as a tool for setting alarm thresholds and forecasting landslides and structure collapses

et al. 2016

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Predicting the time of failure is a topic of major concern in the field of geological risk management. Several approaches, based on the analysis of displacement monitoring data, have been proposed in recent years to deal with the issue. Among these, the inverse velocity method surely demonstrated its effectiveness in anticipating the time of collapse of rock slopes displaying accelerating trends of deformation rate. However, inferring suitable linear trend lines and deducing reliable failure predictions from inverse velocity plots are processes that may be hampered by the noise present in the measurements; data smoothing is therefore a very important phase of inverse velocity analyses. In this study, different filters are tested on velocity time series from four case studies of geomechanical failure in order to improve, in retrospect, the reliability of failure predictions: Specifically, three major landslides and the collapse of an historical city wall in Italy have been examined. The effects of noise on the interpretation of inverse velocity graphs are also assessed. General guidelines to conveniently perform data smoothing, in relation to the specific characteristics of the acceleration phase, are deduced. Finally, with the aim of improving the practical use of the method and supporting the definition of emergency response plans, some standard procedures to automatically setup failure alarm levels are proposed. The thresholds which separate the alarm levels would be established without needing a long period of neither reference historical data nor calibration on past failure events.

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“…(≈100 m below the NEC, Di Traglia et al 2015;Rizzo et al 2015;Zakšek et al 2015). Debris cone material likely reached the sea, but tsunami waves were not recorded.…”

Section: Stromboli Debris Talus Roto-translational Slidementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines on the use of inverse velocity method as a tool for setting alarm thresholds and forecasting landslides and structure collapses

et al. 2016

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“…This event had been preceded by two months of increased Strombolian activity and several lava overflows from its different craters [11,12]. Lava flows extended down the Sciara del Fuoco from a fracture 650 m a.s.l..…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

2015

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Abstract:As specifically designed platforms are still unavailable at this point in time, lava flows are usually monitored remotely with the use of meteorological satellites. Generally, meteorological satellites have a low spatial resolution, which leads to uncertain results. This paper presents the first long term satellite monitoring of active lava flows on Stromboli volcano (August-November 2014) at high spatial resolution (160 m) and relatively high temporal resolution (~3 days). These data were retrieved by the small satellite Technology Experiment Carrier-1 (TET-1), which was developed and built by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The satellite instrument is dedicated to high temperature event monitoring. The satellite observations were accompanied by field observations conducted by thermal cameras. These provided short time lava flow dynamics and validation for satellite data. TET-1 retrieved 27 datasets over Stromboli during its effusive activity. Using the radiant density approach, TET-1 data were used to calibrate the MODVOLC data and estimate the time averaged lava discharge rate. With a mean output rate of 0.87 m 3 /s during the three-month-long eruption, we estimate the total erupted volume to be 7.4ˆ10 6 m 3 .

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“…Because He is highly mobile, chemically inert, physically stable and nonbiogenic, the interaction of this noble gas on its movement toward the surface is minimized, and its isotopic composition is not affected by subsequent chemical reactions8. It also gives unambiguous signals of magma rising up in volcanic plumbing systems33343536.…”

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confidence: 99%

Kolumbo submarine volcano (Greece): An active window into the Aegean subduction system

Rizzo

Caracausi

Chavagnac

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Submarine volcanism represents ~80% of the volcanic activity on Earth and is an important source of mantle-derived gases. These gases are of basic importance for the comprehension of mantle characteristics in areas where subaerial volcanism is missing or strongly modified by the presence of crustal/atmospheric components. Though, the study of submarine volcanism remains a challenge due to their hazardousness and sea-depth. Here, we report 3He/4He measurements in CO2–dominated gases discharged at 500 m below sea level from the high-temperature (~220 °C) hydrothermal system of the Kolumbo submarine volcano (Greece), located 7 km northeast off Santorini Island in the central part of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc (HVA). We highlight that the mantle below Kolumbo and Santorini has a 3He/4He signature of at least 7.0 Ra (being Ra the 3He/4He ratio of atmospheric He equal to 1.39×10−6), 3 Ra units higher than actually known for gases-rocks from Santorini. This ratio is also the highest measured across the HVA and is indicative of the direct degassing of a Mid-Ocean-Ridge-Basalts (MORB)-like mantle through lithospheric faults. We finally highlight that the degassing of high-temperature fluids with a MORB-like 3He/4He ratio corroborates a vigorous outgassing of mantle-derived volatiles with potential hazard at the Kolumbo submarine volcano.

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The 2014 effusive eruption at Stromboli volcano (Italy): Inferences from soil CO₂ flux and ³He/⁴He ratio in thermal waters

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Guidelines on the use of inverse velocity method as a tool for setting alarm thresholds and forecasting landslides and structure collapses

Guidelines on the use of inverse velocity method as a tool for setting alarm thresholds and forecasting landslides and structure collapses

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

Kolumbo submarine volcano (Greece): An active window into the Aegean subduction system

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