The 24-h Energy Intake of Obese Adolescents Is Spontaneously Reduced after Intensive Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Calorimetric Chambers

Abstract

BackgroundPhysical exercise can modify subsequent energy intake and appetite and may thus be of particular interest in terms of obesity treatment. However, it is still unclear whether an intensive bout of exercise can affect the energy consumption of obese children and adolescents.ObjectiveTo compare the impact of high vs. moderate intensity exercises on subsequent 24-h energy intake, macronutrient preferences, appetite sensations, energy expenditure and balance in obese adolescent.DesignThis randomized cross-over trial involves 15 obese adolescent boys who were asked to randomly complete three 24-h sessions in a metabolic chamber, each separated by at least 7 days: (1) sedentary (SED); (2) Low-Intensity Exercise (LIE) (40% maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max); (3) High-Intensity Exercise (HIE) (75%VO2max).ResultsDespite unchanged appetite sensations, 24-h total energy intake following HIE was 6–11% lower compared to LIE and SED (p<0.05), whereas no differences appeared between SED and LIE. Energy intake at lunch was 9.4% and 8.4% lower after HIE compared to SED and LIE, respectively (p<0.05). At dinner time, it was 20.5% and 19.7% lower after HIE compared to SED and LIE, respectively (p<0.01). 24-h energy expenditure was not significantly altered. Thus, the 24-h energy balance was significantly reduced during HIE compared to SED and LIE (p<0.01), whereas those of SED and LIE did not differ.ConclusionsIn obese adolescent boys, HIE has a beneficial impact on 24-h energy balance, mainly due to the spontaneous decrease in energy intake during lunch and dinner following the exercise bout. Prescribing high-intensity exercises to promote weight loss may therefore provide effective results without affecting appetite sensations and, as a result, food frustrations.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrial.gov NCT01036360

Energy intake adaptations to acute isoenergetic active video games and exercise are similar in obese adolescents

“…14 This observation might be explained by some possible compensation in food intake and/or physical activity adjustments. 15 Furthermore, although nutritional adaptations to EX have been observed in obese children and adolescents, [16][17][18][19] we found no evidence regarding potential energy intake adaptations to AVGs in this population. It is also unknown whether isoenergetic AVGs and EX differently affect food intake in youth.…”

“…This method has previously been used and validated among obese adolescents to evaluate their appetite. 18,19,26 Perceived exertion After AVG and EX, the adolescents were asked to rate their perceived exertion using the Children's Effort Rating Table utilized in the study by Williams et al 27 This scale was elaborated using a range of items from 1 to 10, with number 1 corresponding to an extremely easy EX, and an effort leading the subject to interrupt the test because of its difficulty being indicated as 10. At the end of the study they were asked which one of the EX or AVG conditions was the most difficult to them.…”

Food intake and appetite following school-based high-intensity interval training in 9–11-year-old children

“…Curriculum-based activity (netball) has also been examined (Rumbold et al, 2011;2013) and recently screen-based physical activity and the impact on snack intake has been explored (Allsop et al, 2015;2016). For the most part, little evidence exists to suggest 'compensation' for activity-induced energy expenditure; in other words, prescribed exercise bouts do not appear to result directly in an increase in energy intake, although some work does suggest a reduction in energy intake following exercise (Moore, Dodd, Welsman, and Armstrong, 2004;Thivel et al, 2016) and notably this has been observed with continuous cycling exercise at high intensity at 75% VO 2 max (Thivel et al, 2012).…”

Comparación de variables fisiológicas cardio-respiratorias durante el ejercicio entre estudiantes de medicina

“…Thivel demostró que en adolescentes hay un imbalance entre el consumo de alimentos y la tasa metabólica esperada (20) . En ese estudio se analizaron quince adolescentes obesos, mientras que nuestros pacientes son sedentarios sin obesidad.…”