The accessibility of Saudi Arabia government Web sites: an exploratory study

Al‐Khalifa, Hend S.

doi:10.1007/s10209-010-0215-7

Cited by 52 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, six homepages of Saudi public universities were selected in our experiments as case studies. We followed the methodology used by Al-Khalifa [32,33], Alshamari [7] and Rana et al [19] to evaluate only the homepages. The reason behind selecting the homepages only is that they are indicators for other webpages and the starting points for visitors.…”

Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basel and Faouzi [11] recommended including expert users, disabled users, automated tools, webmasters and web developers to assess e-government websites. Al-Khalifa [32,33] used the WAVE checker toolbar alongside the manual evaluation of 36 Saudi Arabian e-government websites to detect the most common accessibility errors. Al-Khalifa [34] used the combination of an automatic tool, manual evaluation using experts, user evaluation, and surveys for web administrators and developers.…”

Section: Web Accessibility Evaluation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al-Khalifa [33] evaluated the accessibility of 36 government websites in Saudi Arabia according to WCAG 2.0. The homepages of these websites were selected to be manually evaluated for all accessibility conformance levels with the aid of the WAVE checker toolbar.…”

Section: Accessibility Evaluation Of Saudi Government Websitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools and Evaluating the Accessibility of Webpages: Proposed Frameworks

Alsaeedi

2020

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With the growth of e-services in the past two decades, the concept of web accessibility has been given attention to ensure that every individual can benefit from these services without any barriers. Web accessibility is considered one of the main factors that should be taken into consideration while developing webpages. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0) have been developed to guide web developers to ensure that web contents are accessible for all users, especially disabled users. Many automatic tools have been developed to check the compliance of websites with accessibility guidelines such as WCAG 2.0 and to help web developers and content creators with designing webpages without barriers for disabled people. Despite the popularity of accessibility evaluation tools in practice, there is no systematic way to compare the performance of web accessibility evaluators. This paper first presents two novel frameworks. The first one is proposed to compare the performance of web accessibility evaluation tools in detecting web accessibility issues based on WCAG 2.0. The second framework is utilized to evaluate webpages in meeting these guidelines. Six homepages of Saudi universities were chosen as case studies to substantiate the concept of the proposed frameworks. Furthermore, two popular web accessibility evaluators, Wave and SiteImprove, are selected to compare their performance. The outcomes of studies conducted using the first proposed framework showed that SiteImprove outperformed WAVE. According to the outcomes of the studies conducted, we can conclude that web administrators would benefit from the first framework in selecting an appropriate tool based on its performance to evaluate their websites based on accessibility criteria and guidelines. Moreover, the findings of the studies conducted using the second proposed framework showed that the homepage of Taibah University is more accessible than the homepages of other Saudi universities. Based on the findings of this study, the second framework can be used by web administrators and developers to measure the accessibility of their websites. This paper also discusses the most common accessibility issues reported by WAVE and SiteImprove.

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Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Web Accessibility Evaluation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools and Evaluating the Accessibility of Webpages: Proposed Frameworks

Alsaeedi

2020

Information

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“…In [20], a study on the compliance of the public administration websites to accessibility legislation of the North Ireland has been presented. In [21,22], the authors analyze the institutional web pages and give indications to increase accessibility on the basis of the obtained results. The same is done by the authors of [23] for the Jordanian e-government websites.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessibility of the Italian institutional web pages: a survey on the compliance of the Italian public administration web pages to the Stanca Act and its 22 technical requirements for web accessibility

Gambino

Pirrone

Giorgio

2014

Univ Access Inf Soc

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Accessibility of the Italian public administration web pages is ruled by the Stanca Act and in particular the Decree of the Minister issued on July 8, 2005. In this paper, an objective test is performed on the official web pages of the Italian province and region chief towns to check their compliance to the 22 technical requirements defined by the Stanca Act. A sample of 976 web pages belonging to the websites of the Italian chief towns have been downloaded in the period October–December 2012. Such a data collection has been submitted to Achecker, the worldwide recognized syntax and accessibility validation service. Several accessibility and syntax errors have been found following the automatic analysis. Such errors have been classified, a statistic has been produced, and some graphs are included to offer an immediate view of the error distribution. Moreover, the most frequent errors are pointed out and explained in detail. Although the Stanca Act has been promulgated some years ago, and contains precise indications about updating a web page to be compliant to the 22 technical requirements, all the analyzed websites are not fully compliant to the law. Updating web pages to be compliant to the Stanca Act is a slow process and some grave errors are still present, both in terms of syntax and accessibility

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“…Practically, to increase citizens' use of e-government services, the service providers have to make sure that the services provided are useful and accessible (Adams et al, 2012;Al-Khalifa, 2010). For instance, regardless of the type of services, based on the findings, Effort Expectancy and Perceived Risk were found to be associated with e-government use.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants that Influence Citizen's Usage of Different E-Government Services: A Malaysian Case Study

Wallang¹

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For the past two decades, e-government has become a part of government's development programmes throughout the world. With the availability of e-government, public services can be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Governments have put a lot of resources into implementing e-government platforms. Technology adoption scholars have paid serious attention towards understanding the factors that influence citizens' usage of online services.However, despite the enormous research efforts that have been put forth and the use of egovernment services that has been examined widely, e-government services offered by the government agencies often remain underutilised. Malaysia has successful cases of implementing e-government services. However, a recent study about e-government adoption in Malaysia indicated that it was growing slowly with a low rate of adoption. Moreover, several studies also found that citizens were more likely to use e-information services than e-payment services, even with both services were offered online in the same webpage. As such, it is reasonable for this study to understand the reasons e-information usage was higher compared to e-payment services in e-government services.Evidence demonstrates that the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) conceptual model has been successfully employed to explain technology adoption by citizens. Furthermore, the predictors in these models have been validated by prior studies in various settings. By considering a variety of types and levels of e-government services, the present study is significant in that it examines the citizens' attitudes towards different egovernment system use. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim to identify the predictor factors in the usage of different e-government services and functions by: i) examining the main factors that influence usage of different e-government services (i.e., income tax, property tax, and traffic fines); and ii) identifying the factors leading to the usage between e-informational and e-payment services.This study involved two stages. First, interviews with participants that had used government online services were undertaken as a scoping study to get opinion about citizens' attitudes about using e-government services. After using a template analysis, five factors were identified to be relevant in the Malaysian context: Relative Advantage; Effort Expectancy; Social Influence; Perceived Trust; and Perceived Risk. Following from the scoping study, the UTAUT model was modified for this study.

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The accessibility of Saudi Arabia government Web sites: an exploratory study

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Comparing Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools and Evaluating the Accessibility of Webpages: Proposed Frameworks

Comparing Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools and Evaluating the Accessibility of Webpages: Proposed Frameworks

Accessibility of the Italian institutional web pages: a survey on the compliance of the Italian public administration web pages to the Stanca Act and its 22 technical requirements for web accessibility

Determinants that Influence Citizen's Usage of Different E-Government Services: A Malaysian Case Study

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