The Accumulation of Risk and Essential Elements in Edible Mushrooms Chlorophyllum rhacodes, Suillus grevillei, Imleria badia, and Xerocomellus chrysenteron Growing in the Czech Republic

Abstract

Risk and essential elements were determined in fruiting bodies of wild growing edible mushrooms Chlorophyllum rhacodes, Suillus grevillei, Imleria badia, and Xerocomellus chrysenteron collected in an unpolluted site in South Bohemia, the Czech Republic. The elements were also determined in underlying soils and the bioconcentration factors were calculated. The analyses revealed that C. rhacodes accumulated Ag, Cu, Rb, Se, Zn, As, Cd, and Tl. On the other hand, S. grevillei accumulated Cd, Rb, Ag, Se, and Cs. I. badia and X. chrysenteron strongly accumulated Rb, Cs, and Ag; these species showed the ability to accumulate Cu and Zn as well. Contents of detrimental Cr VI were in all cases below the quantification limit (0.003 mg kg À 1 dry matter). Studied mushroom species (mainly C. rhacodes) accumulated some toxic elements. However, no considerable effect on human health is expected since they are usually consumed as a delicacy and do not represent a major component of diet.The obtained results revealed that all studied mushroom species contained high levels of Mg. Chlorophyllum rhacodes showed the Mg content of 903 � 53 mg kg À 1 DM. This species contained considerable amounts of Ca (264 � 129 mg kg À 1 ), Zn (127 �

Copper, Manganese, Selenium and Zinc in Wild-Growing Edible Mushrooms from the Eastern Territory of “Green Lungs of Poland”: Nutritional and Toxicological Implications

“…The high content of total elements in X. chrysenteron may result from the high zinc content in its fruiting bodies (Table 1), while the high total element content in M. procera may be related to the high level of Cu found in the fruiting bodies of this species (Table 1). According to other authors, both X. chrysenteron [48,49] and M. procera [50] show cumulative properties in relation to the studied elements.…”

“…In general, mushrooms are abundant in minerals. Therefore, studies on the inter-relationship between minerals as well as correlation studies between minerals in mushrooms and between minerals in soil have been conducted [49,52]. For certain species of mushrooms, this may be affected by accumulating abilities for some minerals [53].…”

The Role in the Human Diet of Bioaccumulation of Selenium, Copper, Zinc, Manganese and Iron in Edible Mushrooms in Various Habitat Conditions of NW Poland—A Case Study

“…Se was also accumulated by I. badia and L. scabrum, but to a much lesser extent, with L. scabrum fruiting bodies having a higher BCF. Mushrooms from NW Poland accumulated Se at a similar level to fruiting bodies from the Czech Republic (BCF = 1.03 ± 0.81) [77]. Due to their structure and exposed stipules, mushrooms can accumulate Se and other trace elements [78].…”

Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product

“…Phenolic compounds [218,219] Boletus badius β-Carotene, α-tocopherol, phenolic compounds, flavonoids [220,221] Boletus edulis β-Carotene, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, tocopherols [222,223] Calocybe gambosa Phenolic compounds, flavonoids [224] Cantharellus cibarius Phenolic compounds, flavonoids [225][226][227] Cantharellus clavatus Phenolic compounds [228] Chlorophyllum rhacodes Phenolic compounds [229,230] Clavaria vermicularis Flavonoids, ascorbic acid [231,232] Clitocybe alexandri Tocopherols, phenolic compounds [233,234] Clitocybe geotropa Phenolic compounds [235,236] Coprinopsis atramentaria β-Glucans [237,238] Coprinus comatus β-Carotene, ascorbic acid, lycopene, phenolic compounds [239] Coriolus versicolor Gallic, p-coumaric, protocatechin, caffeic, and vanillc acids [240][241][242] Cortinarius glaucopus Tocopherols, phenolic compounds [204] Craterellus cornucopioides Phenolic compounds, flavonoids [243][244][245][246] Fistulina hepatica Tocopherols, phenolic compounds [247,248] Flammulina velutipes Gallic acid, pyrogallol, homogentisic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid [249,250] Ganoderma applanatum Gallic, p-coumaric, protocatechin, caffeic, and vanillc acids [251,252] Ganoderma lucidum Quercetin, kaempferol, Triterpenoids, polysaccharides [253]…”