Our objectives were to detect factors that influence the accuracy of surgical navigation (magnitude of deformity, plane of deformity, position of the navigation bases) and compare the accuracy of infrared with electromagnetic navigation. Human cadaveric femora were used. A robot connected with a computer moved one of the bony fragments in a desired direction. The bases of the infrared navigation (BrainLab) and the receivers of the electromagnetic device (Fastrak-Pohlemus) were attached to the proximal and distal parts of the bone. For the first part of the study, deformities were classified in eight groups (e.g., 0 to 5 8 ). For the second part, the bases were initially placed near the osteotomy and then far away. The mean absolute differences between both navigation system measurements and the robotic angles were significantly affected by the magnitude of angulation with better accuracy for smaller angulations (p < 0.001). The accuracy of infrared navigation was significantly better in the frontal and sagittal plane. Changing the position of the navigation bases near and far away from the deformity apex had no significant effect on the accuracy of infrared navigation; however, it influenced the accuracy of electromagnetic navigation in the frontal plane (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the use of infrared navigation systems for corrections of small angulation-deformities in the frontal or sagittal plane provides the most accurate results, irrespectively from the positioning of the navigation bases. Keywords: robot-assisted surgery; electromagnetic navigation; infrared navigation; accuracy; deformityThe main goal of computer assisted orthopaedic techniques is to improve the precision and accuracy by which procedures can be executed. This in turn might lead to improved outcomes and patient satisfaction, decreased complication rates, decreased long-term costs and adoption of less invasive approaches. [1][2][3] Computer navigation is used to track the position and orientation of objects, 4 such as the tip of a pointer or a surgical tool on a preoperative or intraoperative image after registration of landmarks or surfaces on anatomical structures. [4][5][6][7] Instant tracking of objects can be achieved with infrared cameras, electromagnetic navigation, or acoustic technology. 5,8 The most popular technology used in orthopaedic practice is infrared tracking of light emitting diodes (LEDs) attached to rigid bodies. The measurement of position changes is performed by computing the intersection of the three planes corresponding to each camera. 4 The main disadvantages are cost and the need for a line of sight between the object and the camera. Therefore, availability is limited. 4,5 Another interesting modality recently introduced into total knee arthroplasty, but not yet a standard procedure, is electromagnetic navigation. 9 It depends on the generation of an electromagnetic field to attain positional awareness. The main disadvantage of this technology is the interference of magnetic metals with the measurements;...