The action of alcohols on rotavirus, astrovirus and enterovirus

Kurtz, J. B.; Lee, T.W.; Parsons, Andrea J.

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(80)90008-0

Cited by 71 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although many disinfectants inactivate human and animal rotaviruses (Snodgrass and Herring, 1977;Kurtz et al, 1980;Tan and Schnagl, 1981;Sattar et al, 1983;Harakeh and Butler, 1984), the morphological response of these viruses to disinfecting agents has not been characterised. In a previous, unpublished study, UV radiation or glutaraldehyde treatment were shown to inactivate adenovirus and vaccinia virus particles present on electronmicroscope grids but had little effect on the stucture of the two viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such alterations, which were equated with virucidal activity, were seen initially at the outer shell of the HBV and terminated with disintegration of the virus particles. The virucidal activity of such agents as sodium hypochlorite, lysol and formalin on lamb rotavirus (Snodgrass and Herring, 1977) and of various alcohols on bovine rotavirus (Kurtz et al, 1980) has been shown. The disinfecting potential of commercially available biocides on simian rotavirus SAl 1 has also been studied (Tan and Schnagl, 1981;Sattar et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphological Response of Human Rotavirus to Ultra-Violet Radiation, Heat and Disinfectants

Rodgers

Hufton

Kurzawska

et al. 1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY. The morphological damage induced in human rotavirus particles by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation at a wavelength of 254 nm increased progressively with length of treatment. Exposure of the virus in suspension to 9000 ergs/cm2/s was sufficient to remove the smooth capsid layer from 50% of particles after 1 min and from all the virions within 10 min. By this time, the number of stain-penetrated or empty particles increased markedly, along with the appearance of virus-derived debris in the form of disrupted and isolated capsomeres. After treatment for 120 min no intact virus particles were observed. The action of wet (100OC) or dry (60°C) heat resulted in changes similar to those effected by UV radiation, with a rapid loss of viral outer capsid shell from the virions followed by stain penetration and disintegration of particles. Sodium hypochlorite, cetrimide and 70% ethanol induced a rapid loss of the outer capsid layer, but, compared with UV radiation or heat, a slower increase in the number of stain-penetrated particles was noted. This was particularly evident with cetrimide. Chlorhexidine and phenol had effects on virus structure only after extended periods of exposure, whilst glutaraldehyde treatment had little influence on virus morphology. Glutaraldehyde 2% v/v would appear to be most suitable for the disinfection of rotavirus-containing electronmicroscope grids before their examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Response of Human Rotavirus to Ultra-Violet Radiation, Heat and Disinfectants

Rodgers

Hufton

Kurzawska

et al. 1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Astrovirus survival and inactivation in food matrices have not been extensively studied, probably because only a few HAstV food-borne outbreaks have been described (207,298) and because efforts have been dedicated to the application of emerging technologies for the inactivation of other viral agents, such as norovirus and hepatitis A virus (299,300). Regarding disinfection of contaminated fomites, 90% alcohol has been proved useful (301). Unfortunately, no information on inactivation is yet available for nonclassic HAstVs.…”

Section: Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astroviruses

2014

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SUMMARY Human astroviruses (HAtVs) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that were discovered in 1975. Astroviruses infecting other species, particularly mammalian and avian, were identified and classified into the genera Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus . Through next-generation sequencing, many new astroviruses infecting different species, including humans, have been described, and the Astroviridae family shows a high diversity and zoonotic potential. Three divergent groups of HAstVs are recognized: the classic ( MAstV 1 ), HAstV-MLB ( MAstV 6 ), and HAstV-VA/HMO ( MAstV 8 and MAstV 9 ) groups. Classic HAstVs contain 8 serotypes and account for 2 to 9% of all acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Infections are usually self-limiting but can also spread systemically and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The other groups have also been identified in children with gastroenteritis, but extraintestinal pathologies have been suggested for them as well. Classic HAstVs may be grown in cells, allowing the study of their cell cycle, which is similar to that of caliciviruses. The continuous emergence of new astroviruses with a potential zoonotic transmission highlights the need to gain insights on their biology in order to prevent future health threats. This review focuses on the basic virology, pathogenesis, host response, epidemiology, diagnostic assays, and prevention strategies for HAstVs.

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“…Preliminary work on animal rotaviruses, both in this laboratory (Sattar et al 1983) and elsewhere (Snodgrass & Herring, 1977;Kurtz, Lee & Parsons, 1980;Brade, Schmidt & Gattert, 1981;Tan & Schnagl, 1981) has determined that these infectious agents are able to withstand many commercially-available disinfectants and antiseptics. Studies on the disinfection of human rotaviruses have so far been limited to chlorine-based disinfectants (Tan & Schnagl, 1983;Harakeh & Butler, 1984) and peracetic acid (Harakeh, 1984), and have shown varying results with different test protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical disinfection of human rotaviruses: efficacy of commercially-available products in suspension tests

Springthorpe

Grenier

Lloyd-Evans

et al. 1986

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYSuspension tests were conducted on 69 commercial and 7 non-commercial disinfectant formulations to determine which classes of chemicals were most active against human rotavirus (HRV). Virus samples, in the presence of varying levels of organic matter, were exposed to the disinfectants for 1 min. The levels of remaining infectious virus were determined by plaque assay. Products were rated by their ability to reduce the levels of infectious virus by more than 3 log1o in the presence or absence of tryptose phosphate broth (peptides and inorganic salts) or fecal matter.Of the commercially-available products tested, only 25 % were rated as highly and 7 % as moderately effective. The remaining 68 % were either effective only in the absence of any additional organic matter (48 %) or were completely ineffective (20 %). The majority (64 %) of the moderately and highly effective products were further examined for their ability to inactivate > 6 log1o of infectious HRV in the presence of fecal matter or tryptose phosphate broth. With one exception, all these products were still effective. Products potentially suitable as topical antiseptics, hard surface disinfectants and instrument soaks were identified. The results emphasize the care that should be exercised in the selection of disinfectants for the control and prevention of rotaviral infections.

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The action of alcohols on rotavirus, astrovirus and enterovirus

Cited by 71 publications

References 8 publications

Morphological Response of Human Rotavirus to Ultra-Violet Radiation, Heat and Disinfectants

Morphological Response of Human Rotavirus to Ultra-Violet Radiation, Heat and Disinfectants

Human Astroviruses

Chemical disinfection of human rotaviruses: efficacy of commercially-available products in suspension tests

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