The Africa–Madagascar connection and mammalian migrations

Rabinowitz, Philip D.; Woods, Stephen A.

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.12.005

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The eastern domain (JG 40) began to cool at ∼120 Ma (Figure 5f) which coincides with the proposed end of the relative southward displacement of Madagascar along the Davie Ridge [ Coffin and Rabinowitz , 1988; Montenat et al , 1993, 1996; Piqué , 1999; Rabinowitz and Woods , 2006; Ali and Aitchison , 2008]. Spreading in the Somali Basin ceased and was taken over by spreading between Madagascar‐India and Australia‐Antarctica [ Janssen et al , 1995].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…At about 90 to 85 Ma, contemporaneous with the break‐up between Madagascar and India‐Seychelles [e.g., Rabinowitz and Woods , 2006], numerous basaltic dikes intruded the Morondava basin with a preferred ENE‐WSW and NW‐SE orientation. The dikes are most probably related to the coeval activity of the Marion hot spot, whose focal point is assumed to be located at the Volcan de l'Androy in southern Madagascar at that time [ Storey et al , 1995].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direction of spreading changed from NE‐SW between Madagascar and India, and Antarctica and India, respectively before ∼43 Ma to N‐S between Madagascar and Antarctica after ∼43 Ma [ Reeves and de Wit , 2000]. This reorientation caused fracturing of the Davie Ridge [ Rabinowitz and Woods , 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The break‐up between Madagascar and India‐Seychelles in Late Cretaceous times (88 Ma [ Storey , 1995; Storey et al , 1995], 85 Ma [ Chand and Subrahmanyam , 2003], ∼84 Ma [ Rabinowitz and Woods , 2006], 85–90 Ma [ Ali and Aitchison , 2008]) coincides with the extrusion of large amounts of predominantly mafic volcanics [e.g., Storey et al , 1995, 1997; Rasamimanana et al , 1998; Torsvik et al , 1998; Meert and Tamrat , 2006; Bardintzeff et al , 2010]. It has been suggested that the whole island of Madagascar was covered during the (Late?)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low‐temperature evolution of the Morondava rift basin shoulder in western Madagascar: An apatite fission track study

2012

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[1] The evolution of the rift shoulder and the sedimentary sequence of the Morondava basin in western Madagascar was mainly influenced by a Permo-Triassic continental failed rift (Karroo rift), and the early Jurassic separation of Madagascar from Africa. Karroo deposits are restricted to a narrow corridor along the basement-basin contact and parts of this contact feature a steep escarpment. Here, apatite fission track (AFT) analysis of a series of both basement and sediment samples across the escarpment reveals the low-temperature evolution of the exhuming Precambrian basement in the rift basin shoulder and the associated thermal evolution of the sedimentary succession. Seven basement and four Karroo sediment samples yield apparent AFT ages between $330 and $215 Ma and $260 and $95 Ma, respectively. Partially annealed fission tracks and thermal modeling indicate post-depositional thermal overprinting of both basement and Karroo sediment. Rocks presently exposed in the rift shoulder indicate temperatures of >60 C associated with this reheating whereby the westernmost sample in the sedimentary plain experienced almost complete resetting of the detrital apatite grains at temperatures of about $90-100C. The younging of AFT ages westward indicates activity of faults, re-activating inherited Precambrian structures during Karroo sedimentation. Furthermore, our data suggest onset of final cooling/exhumation linked to (1) the end of Madagascar's drift southward relative to Africa during the Early Cretaceous, (2) activity of the Marion hot spot and associated Late Cretaceous break-up between Madagascar and India, and (3) the collision of India with Eurasia and subsequent re-organization of spreading systems in the Indian Ocean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low‐temperature evolution of the Morondava rift basin shoulder in western Madagascar: An apatite fission track study

2012

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“…, 2009), originated in Africa and reached Madagascar by over‐water dispersal across the currently 415‐km‐wide Mozambique Channel, reputedly by swimming or rafting on mats of floating vegetation. However, today the prevailing sea currents and winds flow from east to west, contradicting this scenario (Rabinowitz & Woods, 2006). This discrepancy was recently resolved by Ali & Huber (2010), who showed with palaeo‐oceanographic modelling that sea currents in the western Indian Ocean were inverted during extensive periods of the Early Tertiary, thus indeed favouring terrestrial animal dispersal from Africa to Madagascar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wings or winds: inferring bat migration in a stepping-stone archipelago

Weyeneth

Appleton

Wood

et al. 2011

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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Eocene ocean currents and prevailing winds correlate with over‐water dispersals of terrestrial mammals from Africa to Madagascar. Since the Early Miocene (about 23 Ma), these currents flowed in the reverse direction, from the Indian Ocean towards Africa. The Comoro Islands are equidistant between Africa and Madagascar and support an endemic land vertebrate fauna that shares recent ancestry predominantly with Madagascar. We examined whether gene flow in two Miniopterus bat species endemic to the Comoros and Madagascar correlates with the direction of current winds, using uni‐ and bi‐parentally inherited markers with different evolutionary rates. Coalescence‐based analyses of mitochondrial matrilines support a Pleistocene (approximately 180 000 years ago) colonization event from Madagascar west to the Comoros (distance: 300 km) in the predicted direction. However, nuclear microsatellites show that more recent gene flow is restricted to a few individuals flying against the wind, from Grande Comore to Anjouan (distance: 80 km).

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The Tendaguru Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, southern Tanzania): definition, palaeoenvironments, and sequence stratigraphy

2009

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The well‐known Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Tendaguru Beds of southern Tanzania have yielded fossil plant remains, invertebrates and vertebrates, notably dinosaurs, of exceptional scientific importance. Based on data of the German‐Tanzanian Tendaguru Expedition 2000 and previous studies, and in accordance with the international stratigraphic guide, we raise the Tendaguru Beds to formational rank and recognise six members (from bottom to top): Lower Dinosaur Member, Nerinella Member, Middle Dinosaur Member, Indotrigonia africana Member, Upper Dinosaur Member, and Rutitrigonia bornhardti‐schwarzi Member. We characterise and discuss each member in detail in terms of derivation of name, definition of a type section, distribution, thickness, lithofacies, boundaries, palaeontology, and age. The age of the whole formation apparently ranges at least from the middle Oxfordian to the Valanginian through Hauterivian or possibly Aptian. The Tendaguru Formation constitutes a cyclic sedimentary succession, consisting of three marginal marine, sandstone‐dominated depositional units and three predominantly coastal to tidal plain, fine‐grained depositional units with dinosaur remains. It represents four third‐order sequences, which are composed of transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Sequence boundaries are represented by transgressive ravinement surfaces and maximum flooding surfaces. In a more simple way, the depositional sequences can be subdivided into transgressive and regressive sequences/systems tracts. Whereas the transgressive systems tracts are mainly represented by shallow marine shoreface, tidal channel and sand bar sandstones, the regressive systems tracts predominantly consist of shallow tidal channel, tidal flat, and marginal lagoonal to supratidal deposits. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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The Africa–Madagascar connection and mammalian migrations

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Low‐temperature evolution of the Morondava rift basin shoulder in western Madagascar: An apatite fission track study

Low‐temperature evolution of the Morondava rift basin shoulder in western Madagascar: An apatite fission track study

Wings or winds: inferring bat migration in a stepping-stone archipelago

The Tendaguru Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, southern Tanzania): definition, palaeoenvironments, and sequence stratigraphy

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