The Alien Plant Ligustrum Iucidum Escaping from Planting Sites to Indigenous Vegetation in Japan

Hashimoto, Yoshinobu; Hashizume, Tamotsu; Ishida, Hiroaki; Toi, Kanako

doi:10.5632/jila.68.713

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Even higher percentages of local native species were found in the subcategories ''grove,'' ''river,'' ''railway,'' and ''abandoned land''-areas that were little affected by human impact, but where natural seed dispersion had taken place over time. This result shows the important but temporary roles such unmanaged land categories can play in keeping biodiversity alive in a suburban Satoyama landscape: on the one hand, native species tend to increase in isolated trees and hedges on unmanaged land, but on the other hand, as shown by Hashimoto et al (2005), they also tend to be threatened by the encroachment of introduced species such as tonezumimochi (Ligustrum lucidum Aiton), which can destroy the delicate species balance in unmanaged Satoyama areas. In Moriyama, the percentage of local native species on unmanaged land was high, but the number of cases was low, which shows their fragility when confronted with invading stronger species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The biocultural link: isolated trees and hedges in Satoyama landscapes indicate a strong connection between biodiversity and local cultural features

et al. 2011

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Lone trees, rows of trees, groves, and hedges (in this study called ''isolated trees and hedges'') dot many Satoyama landscapes in Japan. They have traditionally played an important role in agriculture and horticulture, in the production of firewood, and as windbreaks, boundaries, and screens. Through this investigation of a suburban Satoyama landscape in western Japan, which includes old and new residential areas, public space, farmland, and abandoned land, we aimed to show how isolated trees and hedges are connected with local traditional cultural features, and how this link has impacted their distribution and species composition. By examining land categories, shape patterns, and species compositions of isolated trees and hedges in both traditional and newly developed regions of the study area, we showed how the presence or absence of related traditional cultural features has influenced biodiversity. We further examined the role of traditional management techniques and cultural features in maintaining high numbers of local native species in isolated trees and hedges. Based on our results, we argue that awareness and promotion of the biocultural link in isolated trees and hedges will play an important role in future efforts to preserve the unique local identity and biodiversity of this cultural landscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The biocultural link: isolated trees and hedges in Satoyama landscapes indicate a strong connection between biodiversity and local cultural features

et al. 2011

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“…The fruits are small, purple/black berries, with overall fruit loads as high as 3 million per tree (Swarbrick, Timmins & Bullen 1999). The species is invasive in Argentina (Aragón & Groom 2003), Australia (Panetta 2000), Japan (Hashimoto et al. 2005) and Florida (Dehgan 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining efficient methods to detect spread of woody invaders in urban–rural matrix landscapes: an exploration using two species of Oleaceae

Aslan

Rejmánek

Klinger

2012

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Early detection of biological invasions can reduce the costs of control and increase its efficacy. Although much research focuses on the appearance or establishment of new invaders, few studies target the detection of spread from established populations. Managers of natural areas have limited resources; therefore, there is need for efficient methods of quantifying the spread of likely invaders in local and regional areas. 2. We employed homeowner surveys, seedling outplanting, directed seedling searches and randomly located plots to determine whether two introduced species of Oleaceae, Ligustrum lucidum and Olea europaea, demonstrate invasive levels of recruitment in California's Sacramento Valley. These methods are examples of low-cost approaches to examining the regional spread of non-native woody species with differing habitat requirements. 3. Homeowner surveys indicated abundant recruitment of L. lucidum in irrigated areas, with no evident decline by distance from horticultural source trees. Ligustrum lucidum seedlings established readily when planted immediately adjacent to streams, but were unable to survive summer drought when located further from the water. 4. Recruitment of O. europaea at distances >100 m from source trees was uncommon. Spread of O. europaea is rare relative to the number of reproductive individuals that have been planted in the study area; where it occurs, seedling recruitment appears largely a function of propagule pressure. 5. Synthesis and applications. Low-cost and rapid methods are essential for successful long-term monitoring of spread from populations of introduced, woody plant species. We employed highefficiency methods of spread detection for two species of Oleaceae with invasive potential and existing populations in the study region. We detected no barriers to spread by L. lucidum in areas with elevated soil moisture and consider the species a likely riparian invader. By comparison, O. europaea shows little tendency to spread. We suggest that managers combine low-input methods and direct surveys towards habitats of conservation concern and routes of likely seed dispersal.

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“…Another bird-dispersed alien species, Ligustrum lucidum, has been found to invade fragmented forests and dominate over the native Ligustrum japonicum (Ishii and Iwasaki 2008). L. lucidum escaped into secondary forests and shrine/temple forests after being widely used for urban greening (Hashimoto et al 2005b). The occurrence of invasive species tends to be lower in temple forests, suggesting that active management is needed to prevent invasive species from dominating over the existing vegetation (Ishii and Iwasaki 2008;Maesako 2000;Sakamoto et al 1985).…”

Section: Conservation Issuesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Integrating ecological and cultural values toward conservation and utilization of shrine/temple forests as urban green space in Japanese cities

et al. 2010

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In Japan, forests associated with shrines and temples are recognized as important components of urban green space, which can potentially function as centers for ecosystem conservation in rapidly urbanizing Japanese cities. In addition to their ecological value, shrine/temple forests have social value, providing recreational and aesthetic needs to residents of urban areas. We review the historical development of shrine/temple forests in Japan and discuss current conservation issues from both ecological and sociological perspectives. Generally, shrine forests are minimally managed and public access is discouraged, whereas temple forests are intensively managed for public display. Shrines tend to be spatially scattered across the landscape but associated with specific geographical features, whereas temples tend to be clustered. Their wide and random distribution in urban areas suggests that shrine forests can potentially be used as stepping stones in the urban green space network, whereas spatially clustered temple forests can be integrated to form large areas of green space. Species diversity of shrine/temple forests declines with decreasing area. The distribution pattern of species is not completely nested, indicating that although conservation of large forest fragments may be effective for maintaining landscape-level biodiversity, smaller forest fragments and adjacent precincts are sometimes significant because rare species occasionally inhabit them. Active management and ecological restoration, such as removal of invasive species, are also important to maintain the desirable near-natural forest conditions. A working group including the owner, community, regional government, and ecologists should be involved in creating an effective, longterm management plan. Because social and cultural values are diverse, basic ecological studies of shrine/temple forests would contribute a scientific basis that fosters public confidence in the process.

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The Alien Plant Ligustrum Iucidum Escaping from Planting Sites to Indigenous Vegetation in Japan

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

The biocultural link: isolated trees and hedges in Satoyama landscapes indicate a strong connection between biodiversity and local cultural features

The biocultural link: isolated trees and hedges in Satoyama landscapes indicate a strong connection between biodiversity and local cultural features

Combining efficient methods to detect spread of woody invaders in urban–rural matrix landscapes: an exploration using two species of Oleaceae

Integrating ecological and cultural values toward conservation and utilization of shrine/temple forests as urban green space in Japanese cities

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