The ancient pozzolanic mortars of the Thermal complex of Baia (Campi Flegrei, Italy)

Rispoli, Concetta; Bonis, Alberto De; Guarino, Vincenza; Graziano, Sossio Fabio; Benedetto, Claudia Di; Esposito, Renata; Morra, Vincenzo; Cappelletti, Piergiulio

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2019.05.010

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Comparing these results with those obtained for modern hydraulic mortars, reported in [3], it is clearly evident that Villa del Capo mortars, as well as other ancient roman pozzolanic mortars of previous study [3,19], possess very small pore size radii (5-100 nm), about one order of magnitude lower than modern hydraulic mortars (100-1000 nm). These differences are probably due to the vesicular structure of pozzolanic materials (i.e., pumice) that represents a fundamental feature of the complex pore structure of the cementitious matrix of ancient mortars.…”

Section: Porositysupporting

confidence: 70%

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Ancient Roman Mortars from Villa del Capo di Sorrento: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Define Microstructural and Compositional Features

et al. 2021

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This research provides a characterization of ancient Roman mortars from “Villa del Capo di Sorrento” (commonly known as “Villa di Pollio Felice” or “Bagni della Regina Giovanna”). A deepened analysis of cementitious binding matrix and aggregates was conducted with the aims of determining possible sources of raw materials and the mix recipe, and to evaluate the minerogenetic secondary processes. Twenty samples taken from the Villa were investigated by means of a multi-analytical approach, including polarized optical microscopy on thin sections, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy analysis, energy dispersed spectrometry, simultaneous thermal analyses, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Bedding mortars were made with slaked lime mixed with volcanic materials, whereas coating mortars were made adding to previous recipe as ceramic fragments. All samples were classified as hydraulic mortars. Cementitious binding matrix was characterized by gel-like C-A-S-H, calcite, hydrocalumite, and gypsum, deriving from lime/pozzolanic material. Geomaterials used for mortar production had a local origin. Pozzolanic materials, such as volcanic fragments, scoriae, pumice, and crystal fragments derived from both pyroclastic rocks of the Campi Flegrei district and from rocks of the Somma-Vesuvio complex; porosity test suggest that the products related to minerogenetic secondary processes, make mortars more resistant.

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Section: Porositysupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Details of the utilized standard and precision and accuracy are provided in [19]. Micro-chemical analyses were performed to determine major chemical composition of binder, lime lumps and aggregates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Roman Mortars from Villa del Capo di Sorrento: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Define Microstructural and Compositional Features

et al. 2021

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“…UK) standards were used for calibration: diopside (Ca), fayalite (Fe), San Carlos olivine (Mg), anorthoclase (Na, Al, Si), rutile (Ti), serandite (Mn), microcline (K), apatite (P), fluorite (F), pyrite (S) and sodium chloride (Cl). Precision and accuracy of EDS analyses are reported in [ 49 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical and Technological Characterization of Zeolites from Basin and Range as Pozzolanic Addition of Cement

et al. 2022

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The present paper assesses petrographic, mineralogical, chemical, and technological features of different zeolitic tuff samples from various western USA districts of the Basin and Range Province containing mainly erionite, mordenite, clinoptilolite/heulandite and phillipsite. The aim of this characterization is to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of these samples according to European normative UNI-EN 196/5 (Fratini test) to program a possible use as addition for blended cements. Petrographic and mineralogical results show that the two phillipsite-bearing tuffs have a higher theoretical Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) than the other samples; technological characterization shows a pozzolanic behavior for all the samples but higher for the tuff samples containing phillipsite, which shows a higher reactivity with CaO. All the samples could be thus advantageously employed for the preparation of blended cements, potentially reducing CO2 emissions by 70–90%.

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“…Additional details regarding analytical procedures are available in Franciosi et al (2019) and Guarino et al (2019). The precision and accuracy of EDS analyses are reported in Rispoli et al (2019).…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multianalytical investigation of wasters from the Tower 8/Porta di Nola refuse middens in Pompeii: Sr–Nd isotopic, chemical, petrographic, and mineralogical analyses

et al. 2021

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A total of nine representative pottery fragments belonging to ferruginous, carbonate, and thin‐walled wares were recovered in refuse middens outside the fortification wall of Pompeii and subjected to a program of multianalytical operations (thermal ionization mass spectrometry, X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray powder diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectrometry techniques, optical microscopy). The fragments bear manufacturing defects, indicating their local production in workshops located somewhere at Pompeii. These three groups display a similar volcanic coarse component that exhibits distinct chemical compositions. The volcanic component consists of alkali feldspar, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, minor garnet, and rock fragments (with primarily plagioclase and leucite), pointing to an origin from the Somma‐Vesuvius. The fingerprint of the Sr–Nd isotopes of carbonate ware suggests an affinity with high‐CaO clays from Rufoli, a subdivision of Salerno. Sr–Nd isotopes also suggest that clays from the Sorrentine Peninsula were used: A clay mixture of different argillified pyroclastic materials was employed for the low‐CaO ferruginous ware, whereas the low‐CaO thin‐walled ware was manufactured with a marine varicolored clay. The distribution of materials likely occurred by sea via the port at Salernum and Surrentum. The combination of different types of complementary data obtained through this program of analysis illustrates the importance of combining both quantitative petrographic and chemical characterization in the evaluation of archaeological pottery.

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The ancient pozzolanic mortars of the Thermal complex of Baia (Campi Flegrei, Italy)

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Ancient Roman Mortars from Villa del Capo di Sorrento: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Define Microstructural and Compositional Features

Ancient Roman Mortars from Villa del Capo di Sorrento: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Define Microstructural and Compositional Features

Mineralogical and Technological Characterization of Zeolites from Basin and Range as Pozzolanic Addition of Cement

Multianalytical investigation of wasters from the Tower 8/Porta di Nola refuse middens in Pompeii: Sr–Nd isotopic, chemical, petrographic, and mineralogical analyses

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