The anti-inflammatory effect of Sonchus oleraceus aqueous extract on lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and mice

Abstract

Context: Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae) (SO) is a dietary and traditional medicinal plant in China. However, its underlying mechanism of action as an anti-inflammatory agent is not known. Objective: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of SO. Materials and methods: The extract of SO was used to treat RAW 264.7 cells (in the working concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.3 and 15.6 μg/mL) for 24 h. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators produced in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were assessed. Meanwhile, the expression level of TLR-4, COX-2, pSTATs and NF-κB was tested. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract in vivo was assessed using xylene-induced mouse ear oedema model and the anti-inflammatory compounds in the extracts were analyzed by HPLC-MS. Results: SO extract significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators at gene and protein levels with the concentration of 31.3 μg/mL, and suppressed the expression of TLR-4, COX-2, NF-κB and pSTAT in RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of SO in vivo has significant anti-inflammatory effects with the concentration of 250 and 125 mg/kg, and less side effect on the weights of the mice at the concentration of 250 mg/kg. Moreover, HPLC-MS analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory compounds in the extract were identified as villosol, ferulaic acid, β-sitosterol, ursolic acid and rutin. Discussion and conclusion: This study indicated that SO extract has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, which will be further developed as novel pharmacological strategies in order to defeat inflammatory diseases.

Ursolic Acid Derivatives Induced Apoptosis and Reduces the NF-<i>κ</i>B in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

“…Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted and purified from many plant species that presents considerable pharmacological effects [5]- [11] [16]. In the present study, some of the UA derivative compounds were able to reduce the viability of A549 cells and, among these, the UAD1 showed better results.…”

Bioactive compounds content and antimicrobial activities of wild edible Asteraceae species of the Mediterranean flora under commercial cultivation conditions

“…Moreover, apart from raw food consumption the use of wild and under-utilized native species extends to other purposes, including uses in traditional and folk medicine due to their bioactive compounds content and antioxidant potential (Leonti et al, 2006;Sánchez-Mata et al, 2012). Many ethnopharmacological studies confirm the therapeutic effects of wild edible herbs extracts against diabetes, as well as its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Guarrera & Savo, 2013;Li et al, 2017). Antibacterial properties have been also reported for herb extracts from species such as Sonchus sp.…”

Nephroprotective Effect of Sonchus oleraceus Extract against Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia‐Reperfusion in Wistar Rats

“…Sonchus oleraceus is a plant of the Asteraceae family and is distributed worldwide. Many Sonchus species are used by diverse cultures for the treatment of stomach pain, hepatitis, infections, headache, rheumatism, cancer, warts, ulcers, spider and snake bites, and inflammation [ 6 – 9 ]. In Mexico, S. oleraceus is known as Achicoria dulce , cerraja , lechuguilla , muela de caballo , and falso diente de león [ 10 ].…”