The Antibacterial Effect of Ethanol Extract of Polish Propolis on Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli Isolated from Saliva

Abstract

Dental caries occurrence is caused by the colonization of oral microorganisms and accumulation of extracellular polysaccharides synthesized by Streptococcus mutans with the synergistic influence of Lactobacillus spp. bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine ex vivo the antibacterial properties of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP), collected in Poland, against the main cariogenic bacteria: salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. The isolation of mutans streptococci group bacteria (MS) and Lactobacillus spp. (LB) from stimulated saliva was performed by in-office CRT bacteria dip slide test. The broth diffusion method and AlamarBlue assay were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of EEP, with the estimation of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The biochemical composition of propolis components was assessed. The mean MIC and MBC values of EEP, in concentrations ranging from 25 mg/mL to 0.025 mg/mL, for the MS and LB were found to be 1.10 mg/mL versus 0.7 mg/mL and 9.01 mg/mL versus 5.91 mg/mL, respectively. The exposure to an extract of Polish propolis affected mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus spp. viability, exhibiting an antibacterial efficacy on mutans streptococci group bacteria and lactobacilli saliva residents, while lactobacilli were more susceptible to EEP. Antibacterial measures containing propolis could be the local agents acting against cariogenic bacteria.

The Biological Activity of Propolis-Containing Toothpaste on Oral Health Environment in Patients Who Underwent Implant-Supported Prosthodontic Rehabilitation

“…Over time, it has been marketed in various forms, such as toothpastes, mouthrinses, and lozenges. Propolis extract is known to possess antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobic strains commonly found in the human oral cavity, and a significant contributor to plaque formation [13, 14]. Propolis has been also found beneficial in the treatment of gingivitis and oral mucosa lesions in case studies and pilot clinical studies [15, 16].…”

The Ethanol Extract of Polish Propolis Exhibits Anti-Proliferative and/or Pro-Apoptotic Effect on HCT 116 Colon Cancer and Me45 Malignant Melanoma Cells In Vitro Conditions.

“…The vast majority of studies demonstrated that propolis reveals substantial properties, including the promotion of soft tissues healing and regeneration/reparation. Apart from its antibacterial [1][2][3][4][5][6], anti-inflammatory [7,8], antioxidant [9][10][11], immunoprotective [12], hepatoprotective activities [13,14], propolis has also anti-proliferative [15][16][17][18][19] and proapoptotic ones [20][21][22][23]. Composition of propolis is diverse and depends on both place of origin and time in which it has been collected.…”

Study of the Ph of Saliva and Dental Plaque Using Dental Preparations Containing Basil and Eucalyptus Essential Oils

“…The essential oils have the ability to inhibit the plaque formation, as they demonstrate not only antimicrobial effect, provided mostly by the aromatic agents, but they also have deeper penetration in the biofilm, compared to other agents, such as stannous fluoride and triclosan [4,5,6]. There are many antimicrobial agents, most of them designed for home use, where there is no dosage control, frequency and intended use.…”

“…There are many antimicrobial agents, most of them designed for home use, where there is no dosage control, frequency and intended use. Quite naturally, their efficiency is subject of discussion in many scientific reports [4,5], as the general opinion is that they can be successfully used as supplementary, but not as primary agents for caries prophylactics. In relation with overcoming the microbial resistance, a number of authors comment on limitation the use of antimicrobial agents not only to high-risk patients, but also only to high-risk dentition areas [4,5].…”

“…Quite naturally, their efficiency is subject of discussion in many scientific reports [4,5], as the general opinion is that they can be successfully used as supplementary, but not as primary agents for caries prophylactics. In relation with overcoming the microbial resistance, a number of authors comment on limitation the use of antimicrobial agents not only to high-risk patients, but also only to high-risk dentition areas [4,5]. Different biochemical and/ or bacteriological parameters of the saliva have been analyzed showing unsatisfactory correlation with the development of the carious process [7,8,9].…”