The anticoagulant action of phospholipase A from Eresus niger spider venom

Usmanov, P. B.; Nuritova, F. A.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90210-0

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Different fractions of the venom (5 μg each) were taken to assess the activity. They were obtained by RP-HPLC between 25 and 40% of ACN, considered as the percentage range in which PLA2s eluted in invertebrates [ 14 , 15 ]. Nevertheless, enzymatic activity was not evident (See Supplementary Figure S1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Venom Gland and Enzymatic Characterization of the Venom of Phoneutria depilata (Ctenidae) from Colombia

Vásquez-Escobar

Romero-Gutiérrez

Morales

et al. 2022

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transcriptome of the venom glands of the Phoneutria depilata spider was analyzed using RNA-seq with an Illumina protocol, which yielded 86,424 assembled transcripts. A total of 682 transcripts were identified as potentially coding for venom components. Most of the transcripts found were neurotoxins (156) that commonly act on sodium and calcium channels. Nevertheless, transcripts coding for some enzymes (239), growth factors (48), clotting factors (6), and a diuretic hormone (1) were found, which have not been described in this spider genus. Furthermore, an enzymatic characterization of the venom of P. depilata was performed, and the proteomic analysis showed a correlation between active protein bands and protein sequences found in the transcriptome. The transcriptomic analysis of P. depilata venom glands show a deeper description of its protein components, allowing the identification of novel molecules that could lead to the treatment of human diseases, or could be models for developing bioinsecticides.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Venom Gland and Enzymatic Characterization of the Venom of Phoneutria depilata (Ctenidae) from Colombia

Vásquez-Escobar

Romero-Gutiérrez

Morales

et al. 2022

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phospholipases play an important role in several biochemical processes, including cellular signalling, inflammation, and apoptosis [342][343][344]346,347 . Additionally, several species have utilized phospholipases in their venoms [348][349][350][351][352][353][354][355][356][357][358][359][360][361] . Phospholipase A2 activity is also important for viruses to infect their host cells [338][339][340][341] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLA2 is involved in several cellular signaling pathways, such as inflammation 346 and apoptosis 347 . PLA2 is also found in the venom of many venomous animals such as bees [348][349][350] , wasps 351 , spiders 352,353 , scorpions 354 , centipedes 355 , snakes 356 , gila monsters 357 , cuttlefish 358 , sea anemones 359 , cone snails 360 , and others, creating an interesting example of convergent evolution 361 . These PLA2s often have neurotoxic and hemorrhagic activity, although some venom PLA2s are toxic while having no catalytic activity, acting as ligands for receptors on neurons [362][363][364] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonviral gene delivery to the liver

Crowley¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diseases of the liver have a large impact on human health. Genetic disorders, metabolic disorders, alcoholism, cancer, or infections can all impair liver function. If serious enough, a liver transplant may be necessary, a major surgical procedure which requires lifelong immune suppression and relies on the availability of donor livers. Gene therapy is being intensively studied as a potential method to treat many disorders, including disorders of the liver. While viral gene therapy has seen some success, possible side effects make it risky, so nonviral gene delivery vectors are being developed. Unfortunately, these nonviral vectors do not yet have the efficiency of the viral vectors. Nonviral gene delivery vectors face many challenges in vivo. The vectors must protect DNA from nucleases while it moves through the bloodstream, they must avoid nonspecific uptake, they must be enter the correct cells, and must enter the nucleus before the DNA can be expressed. If any step of this process fails, there will be very little, if any, expression, and it may be impossible to determine what went wrong. One impediment to nonviral gene delivery research is the transition from in vitro studies to in vivo studies. The cancer derived cell lines most often used for in vitro transfections are rapidly dividing, which makes nuclear entry much easier than in the whole animal. While primary cells would be a more accurate model of the in vivo environment, the number of cells that can be obtained from tissues is small, and primary cells usually cannot be cultured for long. This limits the number of experiments that can be done with each preparation of cells. To overcome this, we have miniaturized transfection assays, including the transfection of mouse primary hepatocytes with luciferase in 384 well plates. Because fewer cells are needed, more experiments can be performed with each liver preparation. Another issue introduced by the differences between in vitro and in vivo research is circulatory stability. In vitro, large particles with strong positive charges are desired, because they sink down onto the cells and are attracted to the negatively charged cellular membranes. However, in vivo these particles will aggregate serum proteins and become lodged in narrow capillary beds in the lungs or other organs, often causing toxicity. While this behavior can usually be overcome through PEGylation, improving a particle's circulatory half-life will still improve its chances of finding the correct target. Scavenger receptors found on liver nonparenchymal cells are very efficient at removing negatively charged particles from the bloodstream. We have shown that dosing large amounts of PEGylated polyacridine DNA polyplex can saturate the scavenger receptors and improve circulatory half-life. We have also shown that large doses of PEGylated peptide, with or without acridine groups, can inhibit scavenger receptor uptake through the formation of peptide-protein nanoparticles. By inhibiting scavenger receptor uptake, DNA can be successfully hydrodynami...

show abstract