The Antioxidant Properties and Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells of Chicory Cultivated Using Three Different Kinds of Fertilizers in the Absence and Presence of Pesticides

Abstract

Abstract:The objective of this study was to explore the antioxidant levels and anticancer properties of chicory cultivated using three different kinds of fertilizers (i.e., developed, organic, and chemical) in the presence and absence of pesticides. Phenolic phytochemicals, including total polyphenols and flavonoids, and antioxidant activities, including reducing power, ABTS + and DPPH radical scavenging activity, were analyzed using several antioxidant assays. HepG2 cell viability was analyzed using the MTT assay. The antioxidant properties of chicory were found to increase when cultivated with chemical fertilizer in the absence of pesticides. On the other hand, antioxidant capacity was higher in chicory cultivated with eco-developed fertilizer even in the presence of pesticides. Chicory grown using eco-developed or organic fertilizer was more effective in suppressing the proliferation of HepG2 cells when compared to chicory grown with chemical fertilizer. This effect was time dependent, regardless of treatment with or without pesticides. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity of chicory were affected by the presence or absence of pesticides. However, developed and organic fertilizers showed a strong anti-proliferative effect against HepG2 cells, regardless of the presence or absence of pesticides.

Green synthesis of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Chitosan nanoparticles and evaluation of their anti-fungal, anti-hemolytic, and anti-cancer activities

“…5 Surprisingly, chicory has appeared a strong anti-cancer effect against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) in the presence or absence of pesticides. 6 In the leaves and roots of Chicory, the total phenolic content was found at the highest concentration at 190 ± 2.03 and 60 ± 0.89 mg/g, and at moderate levels of total flavonoid content, 10.03 ± 0.12 and 0.94 ± 0.01 mg/g, respectively . 7 Chicory has a lower percentage of total flavonoid contents than dandelion, but it is much richer with multiple and unique compounds than dandelion.…”

Health Benefits of Key Constituents in Cichorium intybus L.

“…The biological effects of different kinds of fertilizers on cultivated chicory have been investigated in the presence and the absence of pesticides [ 79 ]. The antioxidants, including total polyphenols and flavonoids along with the antioxidant activity of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, have been identified to be higher in chicory grown in soil treated with chemical fertilizer and no pesticide.…”

Identification and antioxidant activity of synthetic peptides from phycobiliproteins of Pyropia yezoensis

“…The HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cell line derived from the HepG2 cell line can be used for investigations of xenobiotic metabolism as it maintains the synthesis and secretion of plasma proteins and cell surface receptors, which are specific functions of normal liver parenchymal cells ( 18 , 19 ). This was performed in the present study to confirm the protective effect of PBP peptides on oxidative stress and liver injury induced by the H 2 O 2 in vitro system.…”

“…HepG2 cells were first reported as hepatocellular carcinoma cells, however, certain genes were confirmed to be more similar to hepatoblastoma in 2009 ( 17 , 18 ). These cells have been used to investigate liver metabolism, development, oncogenesis (chemocarcinogenesis and mutagenesis), and hepatotoxicity in thousands of cases in previous studies ( 17 , 19 - 26 ). HepG2 cells are cancer cells, however, they do not differ from normal liver cells in their detoxification and antioxidant mechanism ( 18 ).…”