Abstract.Adaptive navigation support is a specific group of technologies that support user navigation in hyperspace, by adapting to the goals, preferences and knowledge of the individual user. These technologies, originally developed in the field of adaptive hypermedia, are becoming increasingly important in several adaptive Web applications, ranging from Web-based adaptive hypermedia to adaptive virtual reality. This chapter provides a brief introduction to adaptive navigation support, reviews major adaptive navigation support technologies and mechanisms, and illustrates these with a range of examples.
IntroductionAdaptive hypermedia [9] is a research area at the crossroads of hypermedia and user modeling. Adaptive hypermedia systems (AHS) offer an alternative to the traditional "one-size-fits-all" hypermedia and Web systems by adapting to the goals, interests, and knowledge of individual users as they are represented in the individual user models. This chapter is focused on adaptive navigation support technologies originally developed in the field of adaptive hypermedia. By adaptively altering the appearance of links on every browsed page, using such methods as direct guidance, adaptive ordering, link hiding and removal, and adaptive link annotation, these technologies support personalized access to information. Over the last 10 years, adaptive navigation support technologies have been used in many adaptive Web systems in a range of application areas from e-learning to e-commerce. The evaluation of these technologies has demonstrated their ability to allow users to achieve their goals faster, reduce navigational overhead, and increase satisfaction [7; 18; 50; 52; 73].After a brief introduction to the history of adaptive navigation support, this chapter offers a state-of-the-art overview of adaptive navigation support. The overview is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on adaptation technologies and attempts to answer the question: What kind of adaptation effects may be useful to provide guidance to the users of Web hypermedia systems? The second part focuses on adaptation mechanisms and attempts to answer the question: How can these adaptation effects be produced? Both parts are illustrated with a range of examples. The last section discusses the prospects of extending adaptive navigation support beyond Web hypermedia.
Adaptive Navigation Support: From Adaptive Hypermedia to the Adaptive WebResearch on adaptive navigation support in hypermedia can be traced back to the early 1990's. By that time, several research teams had recognized standard problems found in static hypertext within different application areas, and had begun to explore various ways to adapt the behavior of hypertext and hypermedia systems to individual users. A number of teams addressed problems related to navigation in hypermediasuch as the problem of inefficient navigation or the problem of being lost-which had been discovered when the field of hypertext reached relative maturity at the end of the 1980's [46]. Within a few year...