Schiff bases represent
an essential class in organic chemistry
with antitumor, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activities.
The synthesis of Schiff bases requires the presence of an organic
base as a catalyst such as piperidine. Base-free synthesis of organic
compounds using a heterogeneous catalyst has recently attracted more
interest due to the facile procedure, high yield, and reusability
of the used catalyst. Herein, we present a comparative study to synthesize
new Schiff bases containing indole moieties using piperidine as an
organic base catalyst and Au@TiO
2
as a heterogeneous catalyst.
In both methods, the products were isolated in high yields and fully
characterized using different spectral analysis techniques. The catalyst
was reusable four times, and the activity was slightly decreased.
The presence of Au increases the number of acidic sites of TiO
2
, resulting in C=O polarization. Yields of the prepared
Schiff bases in the presence of Au@TiO
2
and piperidine
were comparable. However, Au@TiO
2
is an easily separable
and recyclable catalyst, which would facilitate the synthesis of organic
compounds without applying any hazardous materials. Furthermore, the
luminescence behavior of the synthesized Schiff bases exhibited spectral
shape dependence on the substituent group. Interestingly, the compounds
also displayed deep-blue fluorescence with Commission Internationale
de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of
y
< 0.1. Thus, these materials may contribute to decreasing the
energy consumption of the emitting devices.