The association and prognostic relevance of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A and inflammation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) prevents proteolytic degradation of a universal transcription factor, c-Myc. Strong CIP2A expression associates with poor prognosis in early-stage tongue cancer and in other cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate CIP2A and mucosal inflammation in tongue hyperplasia, in tongue cancer, and in its metastasis. Retrospective tongue and lymph node specimens (n = 105) were stained immunohistochemically with polyclonal antibody anti-CIP2A. CIP2A staining intensity and inflammation were assessed semi-quantitatively with light microscopy. CIP2A was similarly detected in tongue cancer and tongue hyperplasia, whereas local inflammation was stronger in cancer (p = 0.000). CIP2A expression was increased in metastasized cancer compared to non-metastasized (p = 0.019). Markers for poorer survival were tumor size of ≥20 mm, presence of metastasis and nodal CIP2A (p = 0.031, p = 0.000, p = 0.042). Cancer patients aged ≥60 with increased inflammation predicted poor survival (p = 0.037). CIP2A and inflammation might play a role in progression of tongue cancer.

The expression of cancerous inhibitor protein phosphatase 2A in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

“…Only few previous studies have addressed CIP2A expression in benign tissues [11]. We detected CIP2A expression in control inferior turbinate, which is in line with our previous observation that CIP2A is expressed in tongue hyperplasia [11].…”

“…According to the literature, CIP2A is rarely present in non-transformed/non-malignant cells [13]. However, to this date CIP2A has already been detected in tongue hyperplasia, testis, prostate, cerebellum, brain, and bone marrow [7,11].…”

“…Characteristics of patients from whom nasal cavity specimens were taken. ) were also used to confirm the staining reliability of all separate staining patches, as previously described [11]. The specificity of immunohistochemistry was controlled by omitting the primary antibodies or replacing them with irrelevant antisera.…”

“…The mean (min-max) follow-up of all subjects was 9.4 (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) years. The mean (min-max) followup of the subjects that were living at the end of follow-up was 9.3 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) years. During follow-up, none of the control patients were diagnosed for CRS, nor did they undergo sinonasal operations.…”

“…Previously, we have demonstrated that CIP2A expression is increased in metastasized tongue cancer and tongue hyperplasia [11]. The aim of our study was to investigate the association and predictive role of CIP2A in CRSwNP, which is another common benign lesion affecting the head and neck region.…”