The Association of the Skin Microbiota With Health, Immunity, and Disease

Egert, Markus; Simmering, Rainer; Riedel, Christian U.

doi:10.1002/cpt.698

Cited by 84 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, this trend was similar but not statistically significant on the face zone, where acne was minor to moderate, suggesting that bacterial diversity loss could be related to acne severity. This loss of bacterial diversity was also reported by other teams in association with other inflammatory skin disease, including atopic dermatitis, with the clear prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus . This way, inflammatory dermatoses are thought to be associated with an unbalanced microbiota (dysbiosis), characterized by a loss of microbial diversity and often accompanied by increased relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Inflammatory skin is associated with changes in the skin microbiota composition on the back of severe acne patients

Dagnelie

Montassier

Khammari

et al. 2019

Experimental Dermatology

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Acne is the most common inflammatory dermatosis, affecting up to 85% of the 11-30 years old world population. [1] This disease is subdivided according to severity graduation, from minor to severe acne, and affects different body localizations from face to back. [2] The mechanisms leading to severe acne, representing up to 20% of acne patients, are still poorly understood, although Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) appears as a key player of acne physiopathology.Recently, an increasing interest was observed related to skin microbiota's impact on innate immunity, and subsequently, on inflammatory dermatoses physiopathology. [3,4] Two major studies previously decrypted skin microbiota in acne context; however, this topic remains poorly documented-especially on the back-and the sampling methodologies used were quite controversial. [5][6][7] Indeed, Barnard et al and Fitz-Gibbon et al both described skin microbiome in acne and healthy context, using strip from nose of patients. [8,9] These studies both showed that no clear difference was observed in C. acnes abundance between healthy and acne individuals, whereas recent evidences highlighted a loss of C. acnes subgroups diversity in severe acne context. [10] On the other hand, studying skin bacterial populations using either 16S metataxonomic method or shotgun, to reveal the skin microbial composition, have never been described before in severe back acne context. The present study aims to investigate skin microbiota in patients with severe acne of the back vs healthy controls, sampling two major localizations of acne lesions: the back and the face. | MATERIAL AND ME THODS | Recruitment of healthy volunteers and patientsIn the present clinical study, 24 patients with severe acne of the back and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Regarding the skin type, all Abstract Acne is the most common inflammatory skin disease, affecting up to 85% of the 11-30 years old world population. Skin microbiota appears as a key player involved in several skin dermatoses physiopathology. Here, we show that inflammatory skin is associated with changes in the skin microbiota composition on the back of severe acne patients but also on the face of patients where acne was scored as mild to moderate, comparing with healthy controls. Changes were observed particularly on skin commensals Propionibacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Enterococcaceae families, suggesting the importance of the balance between skin commensals to maintain skin homeostasis and control skin inflammatory process. K E Y W O R D Sacne, inflammatory skin diseases, innate immunity, microbiology, microbiome

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Inflammatory skin is associated with changes in the skin microbiota composition on the back of severe acne patients

Dagnelie

Montassier

Khammari

et al. 2019

Experimental Dermatology

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“…This matches our finding that propionibacteria are the most frequent bacteria on worn spectacles, along with corynebacteria. Propionibacteria are aerotolerant anaerobes, reside in pilosebaceous glands, carry a variety of virulence factors, and therefore are involved in diseases, such as Acne vulgaris 15 . These bacteria were also found in infected eyes suffering from endolphtalmitis 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococci and corynebacteria colonize moist habitats, such as the palms of the hands 15,17 , and might find their way onto spectacles during cleaning or touching these devices. Previous cultivation-based analyses from our group revealed S. epidermidis as the most frequent bacterium on worn spectacles 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specific molecular analysis of the bacteriota on worn spectacles

Fritz

März

Weis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Regularly touched surfaces are usually contaminated with microorganisms and might be considered as fomites. The same applies for spectacles, but only little is known about their microbial colonization. Previous cultivation-based analyses from our group revealed a bacterial load strongly dominated by staphylococci. To better account for aerotolerant anaerobes, slow growing and yet-uncultivated bacteria, we performed an optimized 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach targeting the V1-V3 region. 30 spectacles were swab-sampled at three sites, each (nosepads, glasses and earclips). We detected 5232 OTUs affiliated with 19 bacterial phyla and 665 genera. Actinobacteria (64%), Proteobacteria (22%), Firmicutes (7%) and Bacteroidetes (5%) were relatively most abundant. At genus level, 13 genera accounted for 84% of the total sequences of all spectacles, having a prevalence of more than 1% relative abundance. Propionibacterium (57%), Corynebacterium (5%), Staphylococcus (4%), Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Lawsonella (3%, each) were the dominant genera. Interestingly, bacterial diversity on the glasses was significantly higher compared to nosepads and earclips. Our study represents the first cultivation-independent study of the bacteriota of worn spectacles. Dominated by bacteria of mostly human skin and epithelia origin and clearly including potential pathogens, spectacles may play a role as fomites, especially in clinical environments.

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“…Probiotic effects together with commensal microbes are crucial in barrier integrity and mucosal homeostasis in different body sites like the skin or the gut, among others [26,27]. Probiotics and commensals can antagonize against pathogens through direct, i.e., bacteriocin secretion or indirect, i.e., immune signaling, mechanisms to contribute to gut and skin barrier homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%