The audience effect in adolescence depends on who's looking over your shoulder

Wolf, Laura K.; Bazargani, Narges; Kilford, Emma J.; Dumontheil, Iroise; Blakemore, Sarah‐Jayne

doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.003

Cited by 58 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, stronger observer effects might have been found if we had reminded adults that they were being watched and evaluated at the start of each trial. Also possible is that children generally have greater concerns with how they will be judged by others (Ruggeri et al, 2017;Wolf, Bazargani, Kilford, Dumontheil, Blakemore, 2015). Finally, our study is not unique in failing to find observer effects in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Children are sensitive to reputation when giving to both ingroup and outgroup members

Yazdi

Heyman

Barner

2020

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies establish that reputation concerns play an important role in outgroup giving.However, it is unclear whether the same is true for ingroup giving, which by some accounts tends to be motivated by empathic concerns. To explore this question, we tested the extent to which 5 to 9-year-old children (Study 1: N=164) and adults (Study 2: N=80) shared resources with ingroup and outgroup members, either when being watched by an observer (where we expected reputation concerns to be salient) or in private (where we expected no effect of reputation concerns). We also assessed whether children and adults differ in their beliefs about which form of sharing (ingroup or outgroup giving) is nicer. Although we found that both children and adults exhibited an ingroup bias when sharing, there was no evidence in either group that reputation concerns were greater for outgroup members than for ingroup members. We also found that, in contrast to adults, children shared more resources when observed than in private. Additionally, children evaluated ingroup giving as nicer across different sharing scenarios, whereas adults identified outgroup giving as nicer when the two forms of giving were contrasted. These results are the first to suggest that reputational concerns influence children's sharing both with ingroup and outgroup members, and that children differ from adults in their reasoning about which form of group sharing is nicer.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Children are sensitive to reputation when giving to both ingroup and outgroup members

Yazdi

Heyman

Barner

2020

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the 12-14-year-olds, mPFC activity was elevated when participants showed reciprocal behavior, whereas the other age groups showed similar levels of mPFC activity also when defecting others (Van den Bos et al, 2011). Thus, together with the prior behavioral studies these results indicate that younger adolescents may be more sensitive to social context (Wolf et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Neural correlates of prosocial peer influence on public goods game donations during adolescence

Hoorn

Dijk

Güroğlu

et al. 2016

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

118

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A unique feature of adolescent social re-orientation is heightened sensitivity to peer influence when taking risks. However, positive peer influence effects are not yet well understood. The present fMRI study tested a novel hypothesis, by examining neural correlates of prosocial peer influence on donation decisions in adolescence. Participants (age 12-16 years; N ¼ 61) made decisions in anonymous groups about the allocation of tokens between themselves and the group in a public goods game. Two spectator groups of same-age peers-in fact youth actors-were allegedly online during some of the decisions. The task had a within-subjects design with three conditions: (1) Evaluation: spectators evaluated decisions with likes for large donations to the group, (2) Spectator: spectators were present but no evaluative feedback was displayed and (3) Alone: no spectators nor feedback. Results showed that prosocial behavior increased in the presence of peers, and even more when participants received evaluative feedback from peers. Peer presence resulted in enhanced activity in several social brain regions including medial prefrontal cortex, temporal parietal junction (TPJ), precuneus and superior temporal sulcus. TPJ activity correlated with donations, which suggests similar networks for prosocial behavior and sensitivity to peers. These findings highlight the importance of peers in fostering prosocial development throughout adolescence.

show abstract

“…Additionally, a recent study including adolescents found a hindering effect of an audience on adolescents' relational reasoning performance (Wolf et al, 2015). Younger adolescents (10-14 years), older adolescents (14-17 years) and adults (21-34 years) performed a relational reasoning task while alone, with an experimenter, or with a friend present.…”

Section: Social Influence On Cognitive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

What motivates adolescents? Neural responses to rewards and their influence on adolescents’ risk taking, learning, and cognitive control

Duijvenvoorde

Peters

Braams

et al. 2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

205

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The audience effect in adolescence depends on who's looking over your shoulder

Cited by 58 publications

References 61 publications

Children are sensitive to reputation when giving to both ingroup and outgroup members

Children are sensitive to reputation when giving to both ingroup and outgroup members

Neural correlates of prosocial peer influence on public goods game donations during adolescence

What motivates adolescents? Neural responses to rewards and their influence on adolescents’ risk taking, learning, and cognitive control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About