The Basque Language and its neighbors in antiquity

Gorrochategui, Joaquín

doi:10.1075/cilt.131.03gor

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Speakers of Celtic languages are thought to have passed through the Basque country between 600 bce and 100 ce , with evidence of their occupation in the form of Bronze Age artefacts and place-names ( Nervión , Deba , Ulzama ) 8 . Pre-Roman Basque was surrounded by diverse languages, most of them Celtic: the Indo-European (presumably Celtic) language of the Cantabrians in the west, the Celtic Celtiberian in the south, the unclassified Iberian in the east and Celtic (Gaulish) languages in the north, beyond the Garonne river (De Hoz 1981, Echenique Elizondo 1987: 47, Gorrochategui 1995: 57). Approximately 400 years later, the Roman invasion began, and from 195 bce to the beginning of the Common Era, contact with Latin steadily increased (Gorrochategui 1995: 35).…”

Section: The Preference For Obstruent–sonorant Onset Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-Roman Basque was surrounded by diverse languages, most of them Celtic: the Indo-European (presumably Celtic) language of the Cantabrians in the west, the Celtic Celtiberian in the south, the unclassified Iberian in the east and Celtic (Gaulish) languages in the north, beyond the Garonne river (De Hoz 1981, Echenique Elizondo 1987: 47, Gorrochategui 1995: 57). Approximately 400 years later, the Roman invasion began, and from 195 bce to the beginning of the Common Era, contact with Latin steadily increased (Gorrochategui 1995: 35). This Latin influence is visible in the earliest attested Euskarian language: Aquitanian (Gorrochategui 1984).…”

Section: The Preference For Obstruent–sonorant Onset Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 7 The term ‘Euskarian’, originally coined by Martinet (1955) in French ( euskarien ) is used to encompass Basque and extinct languages like Aquitanian, believed to be genetically related to it (cf. Gorrochategui 1995: 51). …”

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Unexpected obstruent loss in initial obstruent–sonorant clusters: an apparent example from Basque

Blevins

Egurtzegi

2017

Phonology

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The apparent loss of initial obstruents in Basque borrowings from Romance (e.g. laru ≪ Lat. claru) is striking. While Proto-Basque is generally reconstructed as lacking initial clusters, the expected repair in loans, based on typology, phonology and phonetics, is copy-vowel epenthesis, not obstruent loss. Indeed, there is evidence for a vowel-copy process in Basque in other loans with obstruent–sonorant clusters (e.g. gurutze ≪ Lat. cruce). We suggest that initial obstruent loss before /l/ but not /r/ is related to Romance developments. In the Romance varieties in contact with Basque, /fl pl bl kl gl/ all show evidence of neutralisation to /ʎ/ word-initially. We hypothesise that obstruent loss in words like Basque laru reflects influence from local Romance languages at a time when Basque lacked /ʎ/. In contrast, vowel copy conforming to Basque syllable structure was the norm in Romance loanwords with clusters not affected by this process.

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Section: The Preference For Obstruent–sonorant Onset Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Preference For Obstruent–sonorant Onset Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unexpected obstruent loss in initial obstruent–sonorant clusters: an apparent example from Basque

Blevins

Egurtzegi

2017

Phonology

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“…Native Basques continue to be identified by their surnames (with their specific linguistic roots in the Basque language and Basque place names) and originate from a numerically small population (Gorrochategui, ). Specifically, from a population of around 800,000 in the late 19th century, the population of Navarre and the Basque Country has stabilized at around 2,700,000 since the restoration of democracy in Spain in 1978.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenetic Disorders in the Basque Population

Massó

Zarranz

Otaegui

et al. 2014

Annals of Human Genetics

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SummaryIn the molecular era, the study of neurogenetic disorders in relict populations provides an opportunity to discover new genes by linkage studies and to establish clearer genotype-phenotype correlations in large cohorts of individuals carrying the same mutation. The Basque people are one of the most ancient populations living in Europe and represent an excellent resource for this type of analysis in certain genetic conditions. Our objective was to describe neurogenetic disorders reported in the Basque population due to the presence of ancestral mutations or an accumulation of cases or both. We conducted a search in PubMed with the terms: Basque, neurogenetic disorders, genetic risk, and neurological disorders. We identified nine autosomal and two recessive disorders in the Basque population attributable to ancestral mutations (such as in PNRP, PARK8, FTDP-TDP43, LGMD2A, VCP, c9ORF72, and CMT4A), highly prevalent (DM1) or involving unique mutations (PARK1 or MAPT). Other genes were reported for their role as protective/risk factors in complex diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. At the present time, when powerful sequencing techniques are identifying large numbers of genetic variants associated with unique phenotypes, the scrutiny of these findings in genetically homogeneous populations can help analyze genotype-phenotype correlations.

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“… 46. Judging by ancient place and personal names, the Basque language is more rooted in Aquitaine than in the Basque country, to which it spread, supplanting Iberian, Celtic and Latin (see Gorrochategui 1984 and 1995; Villar and Prósper 2005). …”

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confidence: 99%