The bee venom test: a new tonic-pain test

Lariviere, William R.; Melzack, Ronald

doi:10.1016/0304-3959(96)03075-8

Cited by 204 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…well-established animal model of persistent inflammatory pain experimentally mimicking honeybee sting-evoked natural tissue injury [166][167][168][169][170][171] , also significantly enhanced the induction probability and the magnitude of LTP, elicited in both DG and CA1 area by theta burst stimulation (TBS), when compared to the control [12] . Notably, an important finding added by the latter study is that spatial features of neuronal plasticity, a less concerned phenomenon, were also dramatically altered after BV-induced persistent nociception, in that the synaptic connection size over the whole HF was robustly enlarged and the input-output function of individual synaptic efficacy was distinctly elevated [12] .…”

Section: Pain-evoked Synaptic Plasticity In the Hf Up To Thismentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the hippocampal formation in pain information processing

2009

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Abstract:Pain is a complex experience consisting of sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. Now it has been gradually known that noxious information is processed by a widely-distributed, hierarchicallyinterconnected neural network, referred to as neuromatrix, in the brain. Thus, identifying the multiple neural networks subserving these functional aspects and harnessing this knowledge to manipulate the pain response in new and beneficial ways are challenging tasks. Albeit with elaborate research efforts on the cortical responses to painful stimuli or clinical pain, involvement of the hippocampal formation (HF) in pain is still a matter of controversy. Here, we integrate previous animal and human studies from the viewpoint of HF and pain, sequentially representing anatomical, behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular/ biochemical and functional imaging evidence supporting the role of HF in pain processing. At last, we further expound on the relationship between pain and memory and present some unresolved issues.

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Section: Pain-evoked Synaptic Plasticity In the Hf Up To Thismentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the hippocampal formation in pain information processing

2009

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“…Ethosomal capsaicin significantly attenuates the nociception by better penetration ability of the carrier as well as by binding of capsaicin over vanilloid receptors, which could be responsible for prolonged period of hypoalgesia (Fusco & Giacovazzo, 1997). It has been reported that unilateral subcutaneous injection of capsaicin into the plantar surface of the hind paw prolongs tonic behavioral responses (Lariviere & Melzack, 1996). A weight loss in arthritis is an indication of abnormal stomach conditions which could be responsible for the decrease of weight, which returns to the normal level by releasing the hyperalgesia condition, feasible for access of food ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical ethosomal capsaicin attenuates edema and nociception in arthritic rats

2014

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In this study, topical ethosomal formulation of capsaicin was prepared and evaluated for bioefficacy in arthritic rats. Physical and biological characterizations of prepared capsaicin-loaded nano vesicular systems were also carried out. Ethosomal capsaicin showed significant reduction of rat paw edema along with promising antinociceptive action. The topical antiarthritic efficacy of prepared formulation of capsaicin was found more than that of Thermagel, a marketed gel of capsaicin. From toxicological study, no predictable signs of toxicity such as skin irritation (of experimental rats) were observed. Based on this finding, ethosomal capsaicin could be proposed as an effective as well as a safe topical delivery system for the long-term treatment of arthritis and associated inflammo-musculoskeletal disorders. Such exciting result would eventually enlighten the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of capsaicin for topical remedy.

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“…Affective quality of tonic pain experimentally applied in human beings is more comparable to chronic pain than to phasic pain, what makes phasic pain tests most indicated to acute pain studies (Lavriere & Melzack 1996, Souza et al 2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%