The biogeochemistry of aluminum in the Pacific Ocean

Orians, Kristin J.; Bruland, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1016/0012-821x(86)90006-3

Cited by 278 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The calculated residence time of Al in the lake is -5 yr, much shorter than the 328-yr residence time of the water. This residence time of dissolved Al is similar to the 3-4 yr calculated for Al in surface waters of the oligotrophic tropical North Pacific Gyre (Orians and Bruland 1986).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Minor and trace element chemistry of Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs

Falkner

Church

Measures

et al. 1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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A Russian-American fieldwork effort on Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs was undertaken in June-July 1991. Here we report on aspects of major ion (Ca 2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Alk, Cl-, SOJ2-) and several minor and trace element (Li isotopes, Sr isotopes, Ba, Al, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ge, Cd, Hg, U) cycles. Our riverine data for major ions generally concur with the more extensive, time-averaged Russian database; for the most part the homogeneously distributed major ions appear to be at steady state and dominated by riverine throughputs in the lake. Exceptions include Mg2+, which may be removed to a small extent (I 15% of its riverine flux) by hydrothermal activity, and Na+ and Cl-, which seem to be impacted by pollution. Of the minor and trace elements, V also seems subject to anthropogenic disturbance. Other elements for which reliable data are available show conservative steadystate distributions (Li, Cr, Sr) or are subject to redistribution and removal within the lake (Ge, Al, Cu, Ni, Ba, U) as a result of involvement in a variety of particle cycling processes that tend to obscure non-natural influences. Chemical geothermometers for the four hot springs sampled (Smeyney, Khakuci, Kotelnikovski, Davsha) indicate subsurface reaction temperatures ranging from 70 to 150°C and converging to smaller ranges (5 15°C) for a given spring. Both depletions (Mg, Ba, Cu, Ni, Sr, U) and enrichments (Na, K, Cl, Li, Al, Gc, Sr, U) with respect to lake water were observed. Ge levels in spring waters are sufficiently enriched over lake waters that Ge could serve as a useful tracer of subaquatic hydrothermal waters. AcknowledgmentsWe thank E. Carmack, F! Salameh, R. Weiss, R. Williams, and N. Williams for assistance with sample collection and hydrographic work. We are grateful to the officers and crew of the RV Vereshchagin and RV Obruchev for help with all aspects of the fieldwork. Logistical support in Russia was provided by the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the invaluable help of M. Grachev and other members of the Limnological Institute of Irkutsk.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Minor and trace element chemistry of Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs

Falkner

Church

Measures

et al. 1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The "mid-depth-minimum" profile shape of the 232 Th profiles of SO202-32 through -44 is similar to that of Al in the North Pacific (Measures et al, 2005;Orians and Bruland, 1986). As Orians and Bruland (1986) pointed out for Al, we conclude that there are two sources of Th to the ocean: one shallow due to dust dissolution and one deep associated with sediment dissolution/resuspension; and one removal mechanism, scavenging throughout the water column.…”

Section: Full Water Column 232 Th Profilessupporting

confidence: 76%

“…As Orians and Bruland (1986) pointed out for Al, we conclude that there are two sources of Th to the ocean: one shallow due to dust dissolution and one deep associated with sediment dissolution/resuspension; and one removal mechanism, scavenging throughout the water column. At SO202-5 and SO202-24, 232 Th appears to increase in concentration continuously with depth, implicating a full-depth sediment source from the nearby continental margin.…”

Section: Full Water Column 232 Th Profilessupporting

confidence: 73%

Quantifying lithogenic inputs to the North Pacific Ocean using the long-lived thorium isotopes

Hayes

Anderson

Fleisher

et al. 2013

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Dissolved 232 Th is added to the ocean though the partial dissolution of lithogenic materials such as aerosol dust in the same way as other lithogenically sourced and more biologically important trace metals such as Fe. Oceanic 230 Th, on the other hand, is sourced primarily from the highly predictable decay of dissolved 234 U. The rate at which dissolved 232 Th is released by mineral dissolution can be constrained by a Th removal rate derived from 230 Th: 234 U disequilibria, assuming steady-state. Calculated fluxes of dissolved 232 Th can in turn be used to estimate fluxes of other lithogenically sourced dissolved metals as well as the original lithogenic supplies, such as aerosol dust deposition, given the concentration and fractional solubility of Th (or other metals) in the lithogenic material. This method is applied to 7 water column profiles from the Innovative North Pacific Experiment (INOPEX) cruise of 2009 and 2 sites from the subtropical North Pacific. The structure of shallow depth profiles suggests rapid scavenging at the surface and at least partial regeneration of dissolved 232 Th at 100-200 m depth. This rapid cycling could involve colloidal Th generated during mineral dissolution, which may not be subject to the same removal rates as the more truly dissolved 230 Th. An additional deep source of 232 Th was revealed in deep waters, most likely dissolution of seafloor sediments, and offers a constraint on dissolved trace element supply due to boundary exchange.

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“…A critical factor limiting the use of dissolved Al inventories to quantify the supply of dust is the uncertainty of the dissolved Al residence time, including its sensitivity to spatial and temporal variability of biological productivity as well as the abundance and composition of particles that scavenge Al from the water column [45,53,88,89]. To illustrate this point, we calculate the residence time of dissolved Al in surface waters that would be implied by applying an assumed aerosol settling rate of 1000 m day −1 to the surface aerosol Al concentration measured along section GA03 ( §3a) and multiplying by each set of measured aerosol Al solubility results ( §3c).…”

Section: (Ii) Residence Timementioning

confidence: 99%

How well can we quantify dust deposition to the ocean?

Anderson

Cheng

Edwards

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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One contribution of 20 to a discussion meeting issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'. Deposition of continental mineral aerosols (dust) in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean, between the coast of Africa and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, was estimated using several strategies based on the measurement of aerosols, trace metals dissolved in seawater, particulate material filtered from the water column, particles collected by sediment traps and sediments. Most of the data used in this synthesis involve samples collected during US GEOTRACES expeditions in 2010 and 2011, although some results from the literature are also used. Dust deposition generated by a global model serves as a reference against which the results from each observational strategy are compared. Observation-based dust fluxes disagree with one another by as much as two orders of magnitude, although most of the methods produce results that are consistent with the reference model to within a factor of 5. The large range of estimates indicates that further work is needed to reduce uncertainties associated with each method before it can be applied routinely to map dust deposition to the ocean. Calculated dust deposition using observational strategies thought to have the smallest uncertainties is lower than the reference model by a factor of 2-5, suggesting that the model may overestimate dust deposition in our study area.This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'.

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The biogeochemistry of aluminum in the Pacific Ocean

Cited by 278 publications

References 33 publications

Minor and trace element chemistry of Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs

Minor and trace element chemistry of Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs

Quantifying lithogenic inputs to the North Pacific Ocean using the long-lived thorium isotopes

How well can we quantify dust deposition to the ocean?

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