The Biology and Management of Size Variation

Karplus, Ilan; Malecha, Spencer R.; Sagi, Amir

doi:10.1002/9780470999554.ch16

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Barki et al and Kurup et al suggested that in fact, four morphs are identifiable [16,17] and that dominance hierarchies among the morphs exist, wherein removal of larger individuals induces smaller individuals to grow. However, not all individuals responded equally to this stimulus, as expected if males vary in their responsiveness to social and nutritional cues [15,18]. Other Macrobrachium species also appear to exhibit male polymorphism, M. dayanum, M. idae, M. malcolmsonii and M. scabriculum reviewed in [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Mating Behaviour in Different Size Males of Macrobrachium idae (Heller,1862)

S¹

2013

J Cytol Histol

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Twenty seven commercial Macrobrachium species are found in Asia and the Pacific Ocean. Most of them are inhabited in freshwater except few are exclusively marine oriented. Few species live in brackish water especially in the mouths of rivers. A close examination of M. idea males reveals that three distinct morphotypes based upon size ranking, the ratio of claw length to body length (relative claw length) which included small male (SM), medium sized male (MS) and bigger sized male (BS). The mating behaviors of three different males 4 experiments were conducted by (1) 3 BS males (90-100 mm) vs. female (50-75 mm); (2) 3 MS males (60-75 mm) vs. female (50-75 mm); (3) 3 SM males (45-55 mm) vs. female (50-75 mm); (4) 1BS male, 2 MS males and 3 SM males vs. female (55-75 mm). The mating behaviour of M. idae was divided into four phases such as (I) Contact: When the male recognize the pre-mating female, it moves towards the female and starts approaching her. (II) Guarding: During this behaviour, the male encircled the female with his second pereiopods in a way that her tail region. (III) Mounting: After shell getting slightly hardens; the male grasps the female and begins to mount the female. After that using third and fourth pereiopods male started to clean the brood chamber to deposit the spermatophore. (IV) Mating: Took place when the female turned on her back, so that her ventral side was up. Next moment the spermatophore was ejected and deposited on the ventral median thoracic region of the female. After mating the pair was separated and again the male protects the female until the shell hardens completely. The 89.46% of the females were successfully fertilized in the presence of BS males and only 4.56% failed to become berried. In the cases of MS and SM males, successful fertilization was happened in 34.5% and 38% of the females and infertility was recorded for 34.37% and 40.99% of the females, respectively. The reproductive success of the BS male was significantly higher than that of the other two morphotypes (P<0.05).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Mating Behaviour in Different Size Males of Macrobrachium idae (Heller,1862)

S¹

2013

J Cytol Histol

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“…Sagi and Ra'anan () compared the relative weights of the midgut glands of the different male morphotypes, as this organ is involved in food assimilation and energy mobilization during molting, and found the OC morphotypes had significantly larger (relative to body weight) midgut glands than SM or BC morphotypes. The OC morphotype also tends to be less aggressive than the BC (Karplus and Sagi ) likely making them more amenable to higher stocking densities. The dressout percentage of OC is also likely greater than that of the BC as the claw weight of the OC is lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production Characteristics of All‐male and Mixed‐sex Giant River Prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Grown in Earthen Ponds in Kentucky and Mississippi USA

Tidwell

D’Abramo

Coyle

et al. 2015

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Production and population characteristics of monosex male (all‐male) giant river prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were compared with a normal (mixed‐sex) population in separate studies in Mississippi and Kentucky (USA) under low and high density stocking conditions, respectively. In Study 1 (Mississippi), juvenile prawns were stocked into eight 0.05–0.06 ha ponds at 24,700/ha. The mean stocking weight of all‐male was 0.34 g and mixed‐sex was 0.39 g. Prawns were fed 23% crude protein “range cubes” and harvested after 120 d for the all‐male prawns and 112 d for mixed‐sex prawns. In Study 2 (Kentucky), juvenile prawns from each group were stocked into six 0.04 ha ponds at 60,000 juveniles per hectare. The mean stocking weight for all‐male was 0.38 g and for mixed‐sex juveniles was 0.34 g. Prawns were fed a commercial sinking pellet (33% protein) once daily at a standardized rate and harvested after 105 d. In both locations survival of mixed‐sex prawns and all‐male prawns was not significantly different and the final average weight of all‐male prawns was significantly greater than the average weight of mixed‐sex prawns. For the study in Kentucky, total production was not significantly different between treatments, whereas in Mississippi total production in the all‐male ponds was significantly higher than in the mixed‐sex ponds. For both studies, the production size index of all‐male prawns was significantly greater than that of mixed‐sex prawns. In terms of population structure, in all‐male ponds there was a significant increase in orange claw (OC) males compared with the mixed‐sex ponds both as a percent of sex and a percent of total population. The increase in OC numbers in all‐male populations may be due to a lack of females to stimulate the transition of males to the final, sexually mature, blue claw stage. As target weights increase from 20, 30, and 40 g, the all‐male populations were increasingly superior in terms of production (kg/ha) of those target sizes. The economic benefit of all‐male over mixed‐sex populations will be principally based on an examination of tradeoffs that primarily consider the cost difference of juveniles relative to the price differences for different final harvest weights.

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“…These morphotypes differ not only in their morphol ogy but also in physiology and behavior. Small males and blue claw males are reproductively active but grow slowly, while orange claw males are at the intermediate stage of rapid growth, when almost all energy is expended for somatic growth (RaÕanan and Sagi, 1985;Kuris et al, 1987;Karplus et al, 2000). A wide range of size variation is unfavorable for the final yield of prawns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of biotic factors on growth and survival of the Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan) in warm-water aquaculture

Кулеш

2009

Russ J Ecol

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Abstract-Biotic factors such as intraspecific competition, stocking density, and parameters of feeding have been compared with respect to their effect on the growth and survival of monosex and mixed populations of the Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan) in warm water aquaculture. The results sug gest that biotic factors-in the present case, social interactions and, to some extent, the efficiency of food assimilation-may be more effective than genetic factors in controlling differences in the size composition of the population.

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The Biology and Management of Size Variation

Cited by 49 publications

References 111 publications

Mating Behaviour in Different Size Males of Macrobrachium idae (Heller,1862)

Mating Behaviour in Different Size Males of Macrobrachium idae (Heller,1862)

Production Characteristics of All‐male and Mixed‐sex Giant River Prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Grown in Earthen Ponds in Kentucky and Mississippi USA

Effect of biotic factors on growth and survival of the Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan) in warm-water aquaculture

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