The Biology of Gastrointestinal Bacteroides

Macy, Joan M.; Probst, Irmelin

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.33.100179.003021

Cited by 146 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…Three different biochemical pathways for propionate production are known to be present in the microbiota (Figure 1). Bacteroidetes utilise the succinate pathway via methylmalonyl-CoA (Macy and Probst, 1979), which is also present in several Firmicutes bacteria belonging to the recently proposed new class of Negativicutes (formerly classed as Veillonellaceae or Clostridial cluster IX (Marchandin et al, 2010)). Bacteroidetes mainly utilise polysaccharides and peptides for growth (Macy andProbst, 1979, Flint et al, 2012a), whereas in Firmicutes propionate formation has been reported from organic acids as well (Seeliger et al, 2002;Watanabe et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteroidetes utilise the succinate pathway via methylmalonyl-CoA (Macy and Probst, 1979), which is also present in several Firmicutes bacteria belonging to the recently proposed new class of Negativicutes (formerly classed as Veillonellaceae or Clostridial cluster IX (Marchandin et al, 2010)). Bacteroidetes mainly utilise polysaccharides and peptides for growth (Macy andProbst, 1979, Flint et al, 2012a), whereas in Firmicutes propionate formation has been reported from organic acids as well (Seeliger et al, 2002;Watanabe et al, 2012). Veillonella parvula gains additional energy from succinate in the presence of lactate as the main growth substrate (Janssen, 1992), whereas Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, isolated from human faeces, can grow on succinate alone (Watanabe et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota

et al. 2014

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Propionate is produced in the human large intestine by microbial fermentation and may help maintain human health. We have examined the distribution of three different pathways used by bacteria for propionate formation using genomic and metagenomic analysis of the human gut microbiota and by designing degenerate primer sets for the detection of diagnostic genes for these pathways. Degenerate primers for the acrylate pathway (detecting the lcdA gene, encoding lactoylCoA dehydratase) together with metagenomic mining revealed that this pathway is restricted to only a few human colonic species within the Lachnospiraceae and Negativicutes. The operation of this pathway for lactate utilisation in Coprococcus catus (Lachnospiraceae) was confirmed using stable isotope labelling. The propanediol pathway that processes deoxy sugars such as fucose and rhamnose was more abundant within the Lachnospiraceae (based on the pduP gene, which encodes propionaldehyde dehydrogenase), occurring in relatives of Ruminococcus obeum and in Roseburia inulinivorans. The dominant source of propionate from hexose sugars, however, was concluded to be the succinate pathway, as indicated by the widespread distribution of the mmdA gene that encodes methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase in the Bacteroidetes and in many Negativicutes. In general, the capacity to produce propionate or butyrate from hexose sugars resided in different species, although two species of Lachnospiraceae (C. catus and R. inulinivorans) are now known to be able to switch from butyrate to propionate production on different substrates. A better understanding of the microbial ecology of short-chain fatty acid formation may allow modulation of propionate formation by the human gut microbiota.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota

et al. 2014

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“…This clostridial cluster was also the most abundant group of bacteria isolated in another recent study, where swine faeces were grown in continuous culture with starch as the sole carbohydrate, and it was speculated that this bacterial group is likely to be saccharolytic butyrate producers (Ricca et al, 2010). Furthermore, the Bacteroides-Prevotella group is a known dominant group of the pig intestinal microbial community, but in contrast to Clostridia group this group produces mainly propionate (Macy and Probst, 1979). The effect of the observed changes in the microbiota in the present study is therefore uncertain with regard to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), but an alteration of the amount and profile of the SCFA in the caecum and the colon is very likely.…”

Section: Bifidobacteriamentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of feeding finisher pigs with chicory or lupine feed for one week or two weeks before slaughter with respect to levels of Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter

Jensen

Hansen

Baggesen

et al. 2013

Animal

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This study aimed to assess whether inclusion of chicory or lupine (prebiotics) in the diet of pre-slaughter pigs for just 1 or 2 weeks could change the composition of their intestinal microbiota, stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and help to lower the amount of thermoplilicCampylobacterspp. (mainlyCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coli), which are a major cause of food-borne infections in humans. A total of 48 pigs that had an initial live weight of 90 kg were fed with either a lupine (organic concentrate with 25% blue lupine seeds), chicory (organic concentrate with 10% dried chicory roots) or control (100% organic concentrate) diet for 1 week (24 pigs) or 2 weeks (24 pigs) before slaughter. TheCampylobacterspp. level in rectal faecal samples after 0, 1 and 2 weeks of feeding and in the luminal content from ileum, caecum and colon at slaughter was determined by direct plating on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar plates. DNA extracted from the luminal content of distal ileum and caecum was used for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the composition of intestinal microbiota and for measuring the amount of bifidobacterial and total bacterial DNA by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).Campylobacterspp. were excreted by all pigs and present in the luminal content from distal ileum to midway colon with particularly high numbers in the caecum, but the excretion was reduced by 10-fold in pigs fed lupines for 1 week as compared with control- and chicory-fed pigs (mean log102.9v. 4.1 CFU/g;P< 0.05). The qPCR analysis showed that feeding with lupines resulted in higher levels of bifidobacteria in caecum as compared with the other diets (P< 0.05). T-RFLP analysis showed that four of the most abundant bacteria with terminal restriction fragment values >5% relative to the intensity of total abundance differed between the feed treatments (P< 0.05). Therefore, this study showed that even a short-term alternative feeding strategy with prebiotics in the diet of pre-slaughter pigs elicited changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, where lupine increased the level of bifidobacteria in caecum and reduced theCampylobacterspp. excretion level after 1 week.

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“…1). Through these studies it was shown that ATP biosynthesis is linked to a cytochrome b-dependent electron transport system in which fumarate serves as the terminal electron acceptor (2,3).…”

Section: E Arly Studies Of Central Metabolism In the Obligate Anaerobementioning

confidence: 99%

A mitochondrial-like aconitase in the bacterium Bacteroides fragilis : Implications for the evolution of the mitochondrial Krebs cycle

Baughn

Malamy

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme activities were detected in anaerobically prepared cell extracts of the obligate anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis. The aconitase gene was located upstream of the genes encoding the other two components of the oxidative branch of the Krebs cycle, IDH and citrate synthase. Mutational analysis indicates that these genes are cotranscribed. A nonpolar in-frame deletion of the acnA gene that encodes the aconitase prevented growth in glucose minimal medium unless heme or succinate was added to the medium. These results imply that B. fragilis has two pathways for ␣-ketoglutarate biosynthesis-one from isocitrate and the other from succinate. Homology searches indicated that the B. fragilis aconitase is most closely related to aconitases of two other Cytophaga-FlavobacteriumBacteroides (CFB) group bacteria, Cytophaga hutchinsonii and Fibrobacter succinogenes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the CFB group aconitases are most closely related to mitochondrial aconitases. In addition, the IDH of C. hutchinsonii was found to be most closely related to the mitochondrial͞cytosolic IDH-2 group of eukaryotic organisms. These data suggest a common origin for these Krebs cycle enzymes in mitochondria and CFB group bacteria.

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The Biology of Gastrointestinal Bacteroides

Cited by 146 publications

References 5 publications

Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota

Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota

Effects of feeding finisher pigs with chicory or lupine feed for one week or two weeks before slaughter with respect to levels of Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter

A mitochondrial-like aconitase in the bacterium Bacteroides fragilis : Implications for the evolution of the mitochondrial Krebs cycle

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