The Carnosine Content of Vastus Lateralis Is Elevated in Resistance-Trained Bodybuilders

Tallon, Mark James; Harris, Roger C.; Boobis, L.; Fallowfield, Joanne L.; WISE, JOHN A.

doi:10.1519/00124278-200511000-00001

Cited by 6 publications

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“…There were only small changes in muscle carnosine for both groups, suggesting that greater muscle buffering by carnosine was not the reason for the reduced H + accumulation, and also suggesting that changes in muscle carnosine are not tightly coupled to the degree of H + accumulation during training. The muscle carnosine levels of our women (∼30 mmol kg −1 ) are higher than values previously reported for untrained women and men (∼20 mmol kg −1 ; Mannion et al 1992), but lower than that reported in well‐trained male bodybuilders (∼40 mmol kg −1 ; Tallon et al 2005). The higher levels in our female participants compared with untrained men may be due to their history of training and competing in high‐intensity sports.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Altering the rest interval during high‐intensity interval training does not affect muscle or performance adaptations

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McKenna³

et al. 2012

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?Are exercise-induced changes in metabolites and ions a crucial factor in the adaptation of contracting muscle? This was assessed by manipulating the rest period between high-intensity intervals. r What is the main finding and its importance?Our results suggest that the perturbation of muscle metabolites (specifically phophocreatine, lactate and H + ) during high-intensity interval training is not a crucial factor regulating related adaptations of the contracting muscle, when training intensity and volume are matched. This has implications for understanding the mechanisms that regulate muscle adaptations.It has been hypothesized that exercise-induced changes in metabolites and ions are crucial in the adaptation of contracting muscle. We tested this hypothesis by comparing adaptations to two different interval-training protocols (differing only in the rest duration between intervals), which provoked different perturbations in muscle metabolites and acid-base status. Prior to and immediately after training, 12 women performed the following tests: (1) a graded exercise test to determine peak oxygen uptake (V O 2 peak ); (2) a high-intensity exercise bout (followed 60 s later by a repeated-sprint-ability test; and (3) a repeat of the high-intensity exercise bout alone with muscle biopsies pre-exercise, immediately postexercise and after 60 s of recovery. Subjects performed 5 weeks (3 days per week) of training, with either a short (1 min; HIT-1) or a long rest period (3 min; HIT-3) between intervals; training intensity and volume were matched. Muscle [H + ] (155 ± 15 versus 125 ± 8 nmol l −1 ; P < 0.05) and muscle lactate content (84.2 ± 7.9 versus 46.9 ± 3.1 mmol (g wet weight)−1 ) were both higher after HIT-1, while muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) content (52.8 ± 8.3 versus 63.4 ± 9.8 mmol (g wet weight)−1 ) was lower. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the increases inV O 2 peak , repeatedsprint performance or muscle Na . Altered concentrations of these metabolites and ions have been implicated in the multifactorial process of muscle fatigue, owing to their effects on muscle enzyme activity, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release and cellular membrane excitability (Allen et al. 2008;. The restoration of perturbed metabolite and ion concentrations towards resting levels following intense muscle contractions is likely to be important for the recovery of subsequent exercise performance. In support of this, the resynthesis of PCr has been related to the recovery of force output during repeated sprints (Bogdanis et al. 1996), and the PCr resynthesis rate is elevated in trained compared with untrained muscle . Therefore, improving the capacity to minimize exercise-induced disturbances in these metabolites and ions during high-intensity exercise, as well as maximizing their rate of recovery, may be important to enhance performance.Training induces many adaptations within skeletal muscle that minimize these metabolic and ionic distur...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Altering the rest interval during high‐intensity interval training does not affect muscle or performance adaptations

Edge

Eynon

McKenna³

et al. 2012

Experimental Physiology

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“…However, whether any such impairment of intracellular buffering is compensated for by changes in other muscle constituents, or would be sufficient to impact on daily activity, is unknown. Although age per se may be one of the influences affecting metabolites measured in this study, we cannot exclude possible effects arising from changes in diet and nutritional status , and exercise habits (Parkhouse et al 1985;Tallon et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnosine, taurine and enzyme activities of human skeletal muscle fibres from elderly subjects with osteoarthritis and young moderately active subjects

et al. 2006

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Ageing is associated with a reduction in muscle carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), but there are no data on the changes specifically in type I and type II muscle fibres. Given the higher carnosine content of type II fibers, changes observed in whole muscle may be secondary to a shift in fibre composition. Carnosine, beta-alanine, histidine, taurine, and citrate synthase (CS) and glycogen phosphorylase (Phos), were measured in pools of single muscle fibres from freeze-dried muscle biopsies of vastus lateralis of nine elderly sedentary subjects (65-80 years) with osteoarthritis of the knee and undergoing total knee replacement, and nine young moderately active healthy subjects (20-35 years). Fibres were characterised as type I or II by myosin ATPase activity. Carnosine was 53.2% lower in type II fibres of older subjects resulting in an estimated 7% (and most probably still higher) decline in intracellular physico-chemical buffering capacity. Younger subjects showed higher CS activities in type I and higher Phos activities in type II fibres. These differences were less apparent in elderly subjects. Possible causes for the change in the carnosine content are reduced physical activity, reduced meat intake, or the result of progressive denervation.

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“…Increases in muscle carnosine content have been hypothesized to be an adaptation to long-term high-intensity training as demonstrated by higher values in bodybuilders (63) and trained sprinters (64). It remains unclear whether this is due to genetic predisposition, an adaptative response to the training stimulus, or secondary to differences in muscle fiber type composition.…”

Section: Modifiable Factors Influencing the Increases In Muscle Carnomentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation Be Optimized?

et al. 2019

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Carnosine is an abundant histidine-containing dipeptide in human skeletal muscle and formed by beta-alanine and L-histidine. It performs various physiological roles during exercise and has attracted strong interest in recent years with numerous investigations focused on increasing its intramuscular content to optimize its potential ergogenic benefits. Oral beta-alanine ingestion increases muscle carnosine content although large variation in response to supplementation exists and the amount of ingested beta-alanine converted into muscle carnosine appears to be low. Understanding of carnosine and beta-alanine metabolism and the factors that influence muscle carnosine synthesis with supplementation may provide insight into how beta-alanine supplementation may be optimized. Herein we discuss modifiable factors that may further enhance the increase of muscle carnosine in response to beta-alanine supplementation including, (i) dose; (ii) duration; (iii) beta-alanine formulation; (iv) dietary influences; (v) exercise; and (vi) co-supplementation with other substances. The aim of this narrative review is to outline the processes involved in muscle carnosine metabolism, discuss theoretical and mechanistic modifiable factors which may optimize the muscle carnosine response to beta-alanine supplementation and to make recommendations to guide future research.

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The Carnosine Content of Vastus Lateralis Is Elevated in Resistance-Trained Bodybuilders

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Altering the rest interval during high‐intensity interval training does not affect muscle or performance adaptations

Altering the rest interval during high‐intensity interval training does not affect muscle or performance adaptations

Carnosine, taurine and enzyme activities of human skeletal muscle fibres from elderly subjects with osteoarthritis and young moderately active subjects

Can the Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation Be Optimized?

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