The ‘carry-over’ of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and zearalenone from naturally contaminated feed to tissues, urine and milk of dairy cows

Shreeve, B.J.; Patterson, D.S.P.; Roberts, B.A.

doi:10.1016/0015-6264(79)90215-3

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…On the contrary, no effect on milk production was demonstrated after the administration of ZEN at concentrations from 385 to 1982 µg per kg of feed, for seven days [81].…”

Section: Effects Of Mycotoxins On Feed Intake and Performance Of Dairmentioning

confidence: 85%

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

2002

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-Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites secreted by moulds, mostly belonging to the three genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. They are produced in cereal grains as well as forages before, during and after harvest, in various environmental conditions. Due to the diversity of their toxic effects and their synergetic properties, mycotoxins are considered as risky to the consumers of contaminated foods. Mycotoxin metabolism is complex and involves pathways of bioactivation and detoxification in both humans and animals. Detoxification occurs via biotransformation mediated by enzymes in the host cells and in the digestive microbial flora. Some of the toxins or their metabolites may become fixed in animal or human tissues. However, most are eliminated in the urine, faeces and milk. In animals, toxicity is generally revealed as chronic minor troubles and only rarely causes death. The presence of mycotoxins in feeds may decrease feed intake and affect animal performance. In addition, the possible presence of toxic residues in edible animal products (milk, meat, offal), may have some detrimental effects on human health. Maximum acceptable doses in feeds and milk have been set for certain mycotoxins by international authorities. The potential risks of mycotoxins may be controlled by checking plant material for fungal contamination, by improving methods of cultivation, harvest and storage, by eliminating or diluting toxins from the contaminated food or feeds, and by using adsorbents to reduce the bioavailability of toxins in the digestive tracts of animals. These measures will be assessed in the present paper. (0)4 73 63 46 59; e-mail: jouany@clermont.inra.fr présent dans le tube digestif. Certaines des toxines ou de leurs métabolites peuvent être fixés dans les tissus animaux ou humains. Cependant, la majorité est éliminée dans l'urine, dans les fèces et dans le lait. La toxicité se manifeste généralement sous forme de troubles chroniques difficiles à identifier, et rarement par la mort de l'animal. La présence de mycotoxines dans les aliments diminue la plupart du temps les quantités d'aliments ingérés ainsi que les performances zootechniques des animaux. La présence de résidus toxiques dans les produits animaux destinés à la consommation humaine (lait, viande, abats) constitue un risque potentiel qu'il est nécessaire d'évaluer pour mieux répondre à la demande sociétale de sécurité dans la chaîne alimentaire. Des doses acceptables devront être définies pour les toxines les plus dangereuses. En parallèle, des moyens de contrôle devront être mis en place pour vérifier l'innocuité des produits alimentaires mis sur le marché. Le risque potentiel des mycotoxines peut être diminué en évitant la contamination des plantes par les moisissures au moment de leur culture, de leur récolte et de leur conservation. Il est également possible de réduire la concentration en toxines des plantes contaminées par dilution avec des aliments sains et par des traitements appropriés, et (ou) de limiter la biodisponibilité des myc...

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“…On the contrary, no effect on milk production was demonstrated after the administration of ZEN at concentrations from 385 to 1982 µg per kg of feed, for seven days [81].…”

Section: Effects Of Mycotoxins On Feed Intake and Performance Of Dairmentioning

confidence: 85%

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

2002

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“…When two cows were fed a diet containing OTA at 317 to 1125 µg/kg of feed for 11 weeks, OTA was found in some tissues but not in milk [135]. In the later study, muscle contamination was investigated, but results not reported explicitly, indicating no presence of OTA in this tissue.…”

Section: Systemic Occurrence and Excretion Of Ota In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other experimental studies no transfer of ochratoxins into milk of ruminants could be shown: Concentrations of 0.317–1.125 mg OTA/kg in the concentrate (diet as offered: 10 kg concentrate + 9 kg hay per day) did not lead to detection of OTA or OTα in the milk of cows [135]. In ewes being offered 1.5 kg hay plus 0.5 kg OTA-contaminated concentrate (OTA content in concentrate 0.04 mg/kg, approximate dose 0.2 μg/kg bw), no ochratoxin was found in milk [143] after a period of 10 days, too, just as in another study by these authors using regular sheep diets only occasionally contaminated with OTA [144].…”

Section: Systemic Occurrence and Excretion Of Ota In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin A in Ruminants–A Review on Its Degradation by Gut Microbes and Effects on Animals

Mobashar

Hummel

Blank

et al. 2010

Toxins

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Ruminants are much less sensitive to ochratoxin A (OTA) than non-ruminants. The ruminal microbes, with protozoa being a central group, degrade the mycotoxin extensively, with disappearance half lives of 0.6–3.8 h. However, in some studies OTA was detected systemically when using sensitive analytical methods, probably due to some rumen bypass at proportions of estimated 2–6.5% of dosage (maximum 10%). High concentrate proportions and high feeding levels are dietary factors promoting the likeliness of systemic occurrence due to factors like shifts in microbial population and higher contamination potential. Among risk scenarios for ruminants, chronic intoxication represents the most relevant.

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“…The groundnut cake that remains as a by-product after oil extraction can then be used for livestock feed, for which allowable levels of aflatoxin are higher. This is because certain livestock (such as beef cattle) are able to tolerate relatively high levels of aflatoxin without serious impacts on productivity; in addition, aflatoxin residues in edible muscle tissue constitute only 0.2-0.5 percent of that in the feed (Jacobsen et al 1978 andShreeve et al 1979, both cited in Njapau et al 2015). Mycotoxin binders can also be used to prevent uptake of aflatoxin by livestock.…”

Section: Alternative Uses and Disposal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving a nutrition revolution for Africa: The road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition

Ayalew¹,

Hoffmann²,

Lindahl³

et al. 2016

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Focusing the 2015 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) on nutrition will contribute to a broader understanding of the critical role of nutrition in achieving international, continental, and national economic growth targets through agriculture, food security, and nutrition. This report presents information and analysis in support of evidence-based policy making that should inform the second generation of CAADP national investment plans now being developed. This is an important moment for shaping the region’s future and ensuring that the much-needed agriculture-led growth and development agenda can simultaneously deliver on improving nutrition, saving lives, improving productivity and health, and curbing nutrition-related diseases and the associated public health expenditures. These investment plans should address not only the usual elements of undernutrition but also widespread micronutrient deficiencies (termed “hidden hunger”) and the growing problem of overweight and obesity that is associated with economic growth.1 introduction 2 The African union policy environment toward enabling action for nutrition in Africa 3 Africa’s progress toward meeting current nutrition targets 4 Economic development and nutrition transition in Ghana: taking stock of food consumption patterns and trends 5 Making African agriculture and food systems work for nutrition: what has been done, and what needs to be done? 6 Lessons learned from the evaluation of Helen Keller International’s enhanced homestead food production program 7 The role of biofortification as part of more diverse diets in Africa: progress, challenges, and opportunities 8 The role of mycotoxin contamination in nutrition: the aflatoxin story 9 The challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned in evidence-informed decision making in Africa 10 Evaluating nutrition-sensitive programs: challenges, methods, and opportunities 11 Supporting multisectoral action: capacity and nutrition leadership challenges facing Africa 12 Tracking key CAADP indicators and implementation processes 13 Summary and policy recommendations: toward a nutrition revolution for AfricaReportPRIFPRI1; ReSAKSS; HarvestPlus; B Promoting healthy food systemsDSGD; WCAO; ESAO; HarvestPlus; PHND; A4NH; MTIDCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH

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The ‘carry-over’ of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and zearalenone from naturally contaminated feed to tissues, urine and milk of dairy cows

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

Ochratoxin A in Ruminants–A Review on Its Degradation by Gut Microbes and Effects on Animals

Achieving a nutrition revolution for Africa: The road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition

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