The Central Basis of Motivation: Intracranial Self-Stimulation Studies

Olds, M.E.; Fobes, James L.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.32.020181.002515

Cited by 138 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…An animal's behavior can be reinforced by electrical stimulation in several brain areas, including prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, caudate, putamen, reticular formation, amygdala, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, and olfactory bulbs (29). Activation of underlying neural systems (or lack thereof) associated with these structures may mediate the hedonic sensitivity to electrical brain stimulation in rats with CHF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dopaminergic component of the medial forebrain bundle that innervates structures such as the amygdala, septum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex has been implicated in the reinforcing effects of electrical stimulation (8). Similarly, norepinephrine originating in the locus coeruleus and innervating the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain, olfactory nuclei, cortex, and septum has also been associated with the reinforcing effects of selfstimulation via its contribution of axons to the medial forebrain bundle (29). Interestingly, antidepressants and dopamine agonists (e.g., tricyclics), affect selfstimulation behavior in rodents (20,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokine mediation of experimental heart failure-induced anhedonia

Grippo

Francis

Weiß

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Immune system dysfunction is hypothesized to influence several disease states, including cardiovascular disease and psychological depression. The comorbidity of depression and coronary artery disease may be influenced by immune system-brain interactions involving proinflammatory cytokines. The present studies evaluated an index of depression in a rodent model of heart failure by measuring responses to rewarding electrical brain stimulation, which provides an experimental procedure to operationally define anhedonia in rats. Heart failure led to a rightward shift in the current-response relationship in the brain stimulation paradigm, indicative of reduced rewarding properties of the brain stimulation (i.e., anhedonia). Acute treatment with a tumor necrosis factor antagonist, etanercept, reduced circulating tumor necrosis factor-α levels in rats with heart failure and restored responding for electrical brain stimulation. The current findings have implications for the study of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association of cardiovascular disease and depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine mediation of experimental heart failure-induced anhedonia

Grippo

Francis

Weiß

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…First, the neural systems for approach-avoidance motivations have been shown to be lateralized: approach motivations are lateralized predominantly to the left hemisphere, whereas avoidance emotions are lateralized predominantly to the right hemisphere (44,45). Furthermore, electrical stimulation of different regions of the brain can unconditionally elicit approach and avoidance behavior (46)(47)(48)(49). For example, electrical stimulation of brain regions that receive projections from midbrain dopamine neurons-including the nucleus accumbens as well as mesial prefrontal cortex-elicits approach behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of contour on aesthetic judgments and approach-avoidance decisions in architecture

Vartanian

Navarrete

Chatterjee

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

286

324

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On average, we urban dwellers spend about 90% of our time indoors, and share the intuition that the physical features of the places we live and work in influence how we feel and act. However, there is surprisingly little research on how architecture impacts behavior, much less on how it influences brain function. To begin closing this gap, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to examine how systematic variation in contour impacts aesthetic judgments and approach-avoidance decisions, outcome measures of interest to both architects and users of spaces alike. As predicted, participants were more likely to judge spaces as beautiful if they were curvilinear than rectilinear. Neuroanatomically, when contemplating beauty, curvilinear contour activated the anterior cingulate cortex exclusively, a region strongly responsive to the reward properties and emotional salience of objects. Complementing this finding, pleasantness-the valence dimension of the affect circumplex-accounted for nearly 60% of the variance in beauty ratings. Furthermore, activation in a distributed brain network known to underlie the aesthetic evaluation of different types of visual stimuli covaried with beauty ratings. In contrast, contour did not affect approach-avoidance decisions, although curvilinear spaces activated the visual cortex. The results suggest that the well-established effect of contour on aesthetic preference can be extended to architecture. Furthermore, the combination of our behavioral and neural evidence underscores the role of emotion in our preference for curvilinear objects in this domain.neuroaesthetics | design | curvature | habitat theory

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“…It has been repeatedly shown that most drugs of abuse are able to lower ICSS thresholds in a dose-dependent fashion (122,123). This effect has been used as an indirect measure of their ability to produce "reward" through brain processes linked to the medial forebrain bundle.…”

Section: Cannabinoid Modulation Of the Effects Of Cocaine On Thresholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the endocannabinoid system: Therapeutic potential against cocaine dependence

Tanda

2007

Pharmacological Research

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Dependence on cocaine is still a main unresolved medical and social concern, and in spite of research efforts, no pharmacological therapy against cocaine dependence is yet available. Recent studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system participates in specific stages and aspects of drug dependence in general, and some of this evidence suggests an involvement of the cannabinoid system in cocaine effects. For example, cocaine administration has been shown to alter brain endocannabinoid levels, and the endocannabinoid system has been involved in long-term modifications of brain processes that might play a role in neuro/behavioral effects of psychostimulant drugs like cocaine. Human studies show that marijuana dependence is frequently associated with cocaine dependence, and that the cannabinoid receptor CNR1 gene polymorphism might be related to cocaine addiction. This article will review the main papers in the field showing how a modulation of different components of the cannabinoid system might interact with some of the neurobiological/behavioral effects of cocaine related to its reinforcing effects, evaluated in preclinical models or in clinical settings. The goal of this review will be to provide insights into the complex picture of cocaine abuse and addiction, and to extrapolate from such endocannabinoid-cocaine interactions useful information to test the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid ligands and endocannabinoid-level enhancers against cocaine dependence for future preclinical/clinical trials.

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The Central Basis of Motivation: Intracranial Self-Stimulation Studies

Cited by 138 publications

References 179 publications

Cytokine mediation of experimental heart failure-induced anhedonia

Cytokine mediation of experimental heart failure-induced anhedonia

Impact of contour on aesthetic judgments and approach-avoidance decisions in architecture

Modulation of the endocannabinoid system: Therapeutic potential against cocaine dependence

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