The cloudwater chemistry of iron and copper at Great Dun Fell, U.K.

Sedlak, David L.; Hoigné, Jürg; David, Margaret M.; Colvile, R. N.; Seyffer, E.; Acker, K.; Wiepercht, Wolfgang; Lind, John A.; Fuzzi, S.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(96)00080-5

Cited by 88 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…While the estimated total flux of dust to the ocean and FeT in the dust are less uncertain Guieu et al, 2002), the FS-Fe term varies considerably from ∼0.1 % to more than 80 %, with higher solubility values generally observed when dust mass concentrations are low both over remote parts of the oceans and over polluted areas (e.g., Hand et al, 2004;Chen and Siefert, 2004;Baker and Jickells, 2006;Sedwick et al, 2007;Kumar et al, 2010;Erel et al, 1993;Sedlak et al, 1997;Theodosi et al, 2010). Baker and Jickells (2006) and Measures et al (2010) also found a similar inverse relationship between dust mass concentration and fractional solubility of Al (FS-Al) in aerosol samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor effect of physical size sorting on iron solubility of transported mineral dust

et al. 2011

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Abstract.Observations show that the fractional solubility of Fe (FS-Fe, percentage of dissolved to total Fe) in dust aerosol increases considerably from 0.1 % in regions of high dust mass concentration to 80 % in remote regions where concentrations are low. Here, we combined laboratory geochemical measurements with global aerosol model simulations to test the hypothesis that the increase in FS-Fe is due to physical size sorting during transport. We determined the FS-Fe and fractional solubility of Al (FS-Al) in size-fractionated dust generated from two representative soil samples collected from known Saharan dust source regions using a customized dust re-suspension and collection system. The results show that the FS-Fe is size-dependent and ranges from 0.1-0.3 % in the coarse size fractions (>1 µm) to ∼0.2-0.8 % in the fine size fractions (<1 µm). The FSAl shows a similar size distribution to that of the FS-Fe. The size-resolved FS-Fe data were then combined with simulated dust mass concentration and size distribution data from a global aerosol model, GLOMAP, to calculate the FS-Fe of dust aerosol over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. We find that the calculated FS-Fe in the dust aerosol increases systematically from ∼0.1 % at high dust mass concentrations (e.g., >100 µg m −3 ) to ∼0.2 % at low concentrations (<100 µg m −3 ) due to physical size sorting (i.e., particle gravitational settling). These values are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than those observed on cruises across the tropical and sub-tropical North Atlantic Ocean under an important pathway of Saharan dust plumes for simiCorrespondence to: Z. B. Shi (z.shi@bham.ac.uk) lar dust mass concentrations. Even when the FS-Fe of submicrometer size fractions (0.18-0.32 µm, 0.32-0.56 µm, and 0.56-1.0 µm) in the model is increased by a factor of 10 over the measured values, the calculated FS-Fe of the dust is still more than an order of magnitude lower than that measured in the field. Therefore, the physical sorting of dust particles alone is unlikely to be an important factor in the observed inverse relationship between the FS-Fe and FS-Al and the atmospheric mineral dust mass concentrations. The results suggest that processes such as chemical reactions and/or mixing with combustion particles are the main mechanisms to cause the increased FS-Fe in long-range transported dust aerosols.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor effect of physical size sorting on iron solubility of transported mineral dust

et al. 2011

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“…Various field campaigns report concentrations of dissolved trace metals into rainwater (Jickells et al, 1984;Ross, 1987;Lim et al, 1993) and in cloud water samples (Anastasio et al, 1994;Sedlak et al, 1997). Laboratory measurements also demonstrate the transfer of trace metals from the solid to the liquid phase (Spokes et al 1994, Desboeufs et al, 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of transition metal ions on HO<sub>x</sub> radicals in clouds: a numerical evaluation of its impact on multiphase chemistry

et al. 2004

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Abstract.A new modelling study of the role of transition metal ions on cloud chemistry has been performed. Developments of the Model of Multiphase Cloud Chemistry (M2C2; Leriche et al., 2001) are described, including the transition metal ions reactivity emission/deposition processes and variable photolysis in the aqueous phase. The model is then applied to three summertime scenarios under urban, remote and marine conditions, described by Ervens et al. (2003).Chemical regimes in clouds are analyzed to understand the role of transition metal ions on cloud chemistry and especially, on H x O y chemistry, which consequently influences the sulphur and the VOCs chemistry in droplets. The ratio of Fe(II)/Fe(III) exhibits a diurnal variation with values in agreement with the available measurements of Fe speciation. In the urban case, sensitivity tests with and without TMI chemistry, show an enhancement of OH concentration in the aqueous phase when TMI chemistry is considered.

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“…Nevertheless, it was shown that Fe(II) is an important constituent of atmospheric liquid water. Measurements of iron oxidation states in clouds, fog and rainwater demonstrate that the relative concentrations of Fe(II) and Fe(III) can vary considerably between different events ( [3,[50][51][52]; see also [53] and references therein). The distribution of iron between the two oxidation states is a complex function of different factors, such as sunlight intensity, the concentration of oxidants (e.g.…”

Section: Redox Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), which have several oxidation states, and thus can participate in many important atmospheric redox reactions. Field measurements provide strong evidence that TM are common components in aerosol particles as well as in atmospheric liquid water [1][2][3][4][5].The concentrations of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols are a function of their sources. Natural emissions of trace metals result from different processes acting on crustal minerals (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metals in Aerosols

Grgić

2008

Environmental Chemistry of Aerosols

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Atmospheric aerosols have important role in the biogeochemistry and transportation of metals in the atmosphere. On a mass basis, so-called trace metals represent a relatively small proportion of the atmospheric aerosol (generally less than 1%). Among them are transition metals (TM) (e.g. vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, etc.), which have several oxidation states, and thus can participate in many important atmospheric redox reactions. Field measurements provide strong evidence that TM are common components in aerosol particles as well as in atmospheric liquid water [1][2][3][4][5].The concentrations of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols are a function of their sources. Natural emissions of trace metals result from different processes acting on crustal minerals (e.g. erosion, surface winds and volcanic eruptions), as well as from natural burning and from the oceans. On a global scale, resuspended surface dusts make a large contribution to the total natural emission of trace metals to the atmosphere (e.g. more than 50% of Cr, Mn and V, and more than 20% of Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn), whereas volcanism presumably generates about 20% of Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Sb [6]. Sea-salt aerosols generated by spray and wave action may contribute to about 10% of total trace metals emissions. Biomass combustion can contribute to emissions of Cu, Pb and Zn [7]. The predominant anthropogenic sources are due to high-temperature processes, biomass burning, fossil-fuel combustion, industrial activity, incineration, etc. Anthropogenic high-temperature processes result in the release of volatile metals as vapours forming particles by condensation or gas-to-particle reactions. Combustion of fossil fuels is the most important anthropogenic source of atmospheric Be, Co, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn and V; it also contributes to emissions of As, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn [6]. Industrial metallurgical processes produce the largest emissions of As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. Exhaust emissions from gasoline-and diesel-fuelled vehicles contribute to atmospheric Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd, while tyre-rubber abrasion to Zn [8]. In the last decade, the use of new automobile catalytic converters also contributes to the emissions of Pt, Pd and Rh [9, 10]. The composition of aerosols depends on the occurrence of metals in combustion processes and their volatility as well as on their amount produced by decomposition of continental and oceanic surfaces. Thus, the size distributions of different metals depend on the balance of different sources.Environmental Chemistry of Aerosols Edited by Ian Colbeck

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The cloudwater chemistry of iron and copper at Great Dun Fell, U.K.

Cited by 88 publications

References 36 publications

Minor effect of physical size sorting on iron solubility of transported mineral dust

Minor effect of physical size sorting on iron solubility of transported mineral dust

The role of transition metal ions on HO<sub>x</sub> radicals in clouds: a numerical evaluation of its impact on multiphase chemistry

Metals in Aerosols

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The cloudwater chemistry of iron and copper at Great Dun Fell, U.K.

Cited by 88 publications

References 36 publications

Minor effect of physical size sorting on iron solubility of transported mineral dust

Minor effect of physical size sorting on iron solubility of transported mineral dust

The role of transition metal ions on HO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; radicals in clouds: a numerical evaluation of its impact on multiphase chemistry

Metals in Aerosols

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The role of transition metal ions on HO<sub>x</sub> radicals in clouds: a numerical evaluation of its impact on multiphase chemistry