The Coexistence of Gravity Waves From Diverse Sources During a SOUTHTRAC Flight

Alexander, P.; Torre, A. de la; Llamedo, P.; Hierro, R.; Marcos, Tomás; Kaifler, Bernd; Kaifler, Natalie; Geldenhuys, Markus; Preusse, Peter; Giez, Andreas; Rapp, Markus; Hormaechea, José Luis

doi:10.1029/2022jd037276

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…This shows that a stronger wind with a larger wind gradient will account for a greater amount of the GW drag missing from climate models. In a numerical study (on the same date) (Alexander et al., 2022) found a general increase in average GWMF with altitude calculated zonally in the rectangle defined by 45°S 63°W and 60°S 77°W. Similar to Figure 15, they found a general increase with a peak in the GWMF at ≈30 km.…”

Section: Refraction: Causality and Consequencesupporting

confidence: 52%

Observations of Gravity Wave Refraction and Its Causes and Consequences

et al. 2023

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Refraction in the horizontal is the process whereby a GW phase front changes in orientation. Such changes in orientation are linked with changes in the wavelength in the x-direction and y-direction (Durran, 2009), which has been shown to have important implications for GW propagation (e.g., Dunkerton & Butchart, 1984;Ehard et al., 2017;Sato et al., 2009). A literature survey shows a very small amount of papers on GW refraction compared to GW dissipation and GW breaking. This indicates that a large portion of the academic effort does not include refraction. This article uses high-resolution observational data from the lower troposphere to the lower mesosphere to quantify refraction and show the importance there-of for wave-mean flow interaction.

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Section: Refraction: Causality and Consequencesupporting

confidence: 52%

Observations of Gravity Wave Refraction and Its Causes and Consequences

et al. 2023

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“…From the polarization relations for the complex amplitudes of the zonal and meridional perturbation velocity components (Vadas, 2013—Equation B3; P. Alexander et al., 2022—Equation 1), it may be seen that an ellipse links both horizontal velocity components, whereby the eccentricity equals to 1—(GW coriolis frequency/GW intrinsic frequency). As the eccentricity lies between 0 and 1, a value close to 1 indicates a wave LP, which corresponds to an intrinsic frequency close to the buoyancy frequency, within the non‐hydrostatic regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spectral Rotary Analysis of Gravity Waves: An Application During One of the SOUTHTRAC Flights

et al. 2023

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“…The SH and partially the low latitude band are protagonists in this study, essentially during JJA. A large portion of the GWMF and drag behavior at middle and high latitudes in the SH winter is nowadays attributed to orographic sources (P. Alexander et al., 2023; Ern et al., 2018; Hindley et al., 2020). Meridional components were found here to be less significant than zonal ones with the exception of mid‐latitude SH drag during JJA in the lower stratosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Stratospheric Properties of Gravity Waves From 1 Year of Radio Occultations

Alexander,

de la Torre,

Schmidt

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Gravity waves (GW) transport momentum flux (MF) and energy across the lower, middle and upper atmosphere. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) is one of the measuring techniques used onboard satellites to provide vertical temperature profiles with global and permanent coverage. These retrievals may be applied in the study of GW. Most of the analysis methods provide absolute GWMF but are missing its net direction. This happens because the procedures can deduce the orientation but not the propagation sign of GW and hence the full direction of MF. We apply here a method that allows the net calculation with four close in space and time RO soundings (quartets). We use about 10,000 daily retrievals from 1 March 2022 to 28 February 2023 to study the seasonal and latitudinal characteristics of net GWMF in the height interval from 20 to 35 km. About 600 quartets were found. The calculated zonal MF and drag exhibited negative minima at middle and high latitudes during winter in the Southern Hemisphere. This well‐known characteristic is usually mainly assigned to orographic sources. A similar intensity in zonal MF and drag is found during the same season at low latitudes. Meridional components are generally less significant. Besides finding the correct sign of the GWMF and the corresponding forcing on the mean flow, the quartets method also allows the determination of the horizontal and vertical wavelengths, the amplitude and sign of the vertical wave phase velocity and the intrinsic frequencies. The global statistics of these parameters are shown and each one exhibits a similar distribution shape across latitude bands. Large differences in the frequency of cases in vertical phase velocity sign appear only at low and high positive latitudes. The most even distribution of GW intrinsic frequency is found at low latitudes. We estimate that absolute MF calculations by methods assuming only upward GW propagation may produce a bias not larger than 40%. The increase of satellite measuring devices achieved in the last years due to the release of new missions led to a high spatial and temporal density of profiles that may allow the attainment of net GWMF climatologies over a seasonal time scale and about 4,000 km latitude bands but this performance may be even improved if the amount of retrievals continues to rise.

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The Coexistence of Gravity Waves From Diverse Sources During a SOUTHTRAC Flight

Cited by 5 publications

References 81 publications

Observations of Gravity Wave Refraction and Its Causes and Consequences

Observations of Gravity Wave Refraction and Its Causes and Consequences

A Spectral Rotary Analysis of Gravity Waves: An Application During One of the SOUTHTRAC Flights

Global Stratospheric Properties of Gravity Waves From 1 Year of Radio Occultations

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