The Cold European Winter of 2005–2006 Assisted the Spread and Persistence of H5N1 Influenza Virus in Wild Birds

Ottaviani, Daniela; Rocque, Stéphane De La; Khomenko, Sergei; Gilbert, Marius; Newman, Scott H.; Roche, Benjamín; Schwabenbauer, Karin; Pinto, Julio; Robinson, Tim; Slingenbergh, Jan

doi:10.1007/s10393-010-0316-z

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Severe cold conditions are known to influence both long‐distance migration of water birds and movements between the wintering sites during winter periods (Ottaviani et al., ). Therefore, we evaluated whether temperatures may have played a role in the spread of H5N8 during 2016–2017 using temperature anomaly maps, which were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) in Europe in 2016-2017

Napp

Majó

Sánchez-González

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary Circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses poses a continuous threat to animal and public health. After the 2005–2006 H5N1 and the 2014–2015 H5N8 epidemics, another H5N8 is currently affecting Europe. Up to August 2017, 1,112 outbreaks in domestic and 955 in wild birds in 30 European countries have been reported, the largest epidemic by a HPAI virus in the continent. Here, the main epidemiological findings are described. While some similarities with previous HPAI virus epidemics were observed, for example in the pattern of emergence, significant differences were also patent, in particular the size and extent of the epidemic. Even though no human infections have been reported to date, the fact that A/H5N8 has affected so far 1,112 domestic holdings, increases the risk of exposure of humans and therefore represents a concern. Understanding the epidemiology of HPAI viruses is essential for the planning future surveillance and control activities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) in Europe in 2016-2017

Napp

Majó

Sánchez-González

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The link between disease outbreaks in wild birds and climatic factors has been reported by previous studies. For instance, Ottaviani et al [14] and Reperant et al [15] demonstrated that spatio-temporal patterns of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in wild birds in Europe were associated with regions south of the 0°C isotherm, i.e. areas that are relatively warmer during the winter and where wild birds aggregate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Environmental Drivers of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreaks in Poultry and Wild Birds

2013

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A large number of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birds have been reported in Europe since 2005. Distinct spatial patterns in poultry and wild birds suggest that different environmental drivers and potentially different spread mechanisms are operating. However, previous studies found no difference between these two outbreak types when only the effect of physical environmental factors was analysed. The influence of physical and anthropogenic environmental variables and interactions between the two has only been investigated for wild bird outbreaks. We therefore tested the effect of these environmental factors on HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry, and the potential spread mechanism, and discussed how these differ from those observed in wild birds. Logistic regression analyses were used to quantify the relationship between HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and environmental factors. Poultry outbreaks increased with an increasing human population density combined with close proximity to lakes or wetlands, increased temperatures and reduced precipitation during the cold season. A risk map was generated based on the identified key factors. In wild birds, outbreaks were strongly associated with an increased Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and lower elevation, though they were similarly affected by climatic conditions as poultry outbreaks. This is the first study that analyses the differences in environmental drivers and spread mechanisms between poultry and wild bird outbreaks. Outbreaks in poultry mostly occurred in areas where the location of farms or trade areas overlapped with habitats for wild birds, whereas outbreaks in wild birds were mainly found in areas where food and shelters are available. The different environmental drivers suggest that different spread mechanisms might be involved: HPAI H5N1 spread to poultry via both poultry and wild birds, whereas contact with wild birds alone seems to drive the outbreaks in wild birds.

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“…Other notable cases of potential spread of HPAI H5N1 by migratory birds occurred during a sudden cold spell in Europe during 2005–2006. This event was driven by a climate anomaly [22]. The recurring spatio-temporal pattern of wild bird outbreaks in the Central Asian Flyway, sets it apart as unique example of HPAI H5N1 infection in wild birds perpetuated by spillover from poultry in South and Southeast Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, movement of HPAI H5N1 over long distances has been attributed to migratory wild birds [12], [13], [14] as well as marketing of poultry [15], [16] and illegal trade of wild birds [17]. Wild birds may act as temporary vectors for HPAI H5N1 as suggested by the large-scale outbreak at Qinghai Lake in 2005 [18], [19], extrapolation from exposure trials of captive birds [14], [20], [21] and inference from introduction of HPAI H5N1 into Europe on several occasions [22]. However, the role of wild and domestic birds in the transmission of HPAI H5N1 depends on temporal and regional contexts and is currently far from clear [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Virological Approach for Assessing the Role of Wild Birds in the Spread of Avian Influenza H5N1 along the Central Asian Flyway

et al. 2012

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A unique pattern of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks has emerged along the Central Asia Flyway, where infection of wild birds has been reported with steady frequency since 2005. We assessed the potential for two hosts of HPAI H5N1, the bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) and ruddy shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), to act as agents for virus dispersal along this ‘thoroughfare’. We used an eco-virological approach to compare the migration of 141 birds marked with GPS satellite transmitters during 2005–2010 with: 1) the spatio-temporal patterns of poultry and wild bird outbreaks of HPAI H5N1, and 2) the trajectory of the virus in the outbreak region based on phylogeographic mapping. We found that biweekly utilization distributions (UDs) for 19.2% of bar-headed geese and 46.2% of ruddy shelduck were significantly associated with outbreaks. Ruddy shelduck showed highest correlation with poultry outbreaks owing to their wintering distribution in South Asia, where there is considerable opportunity for HPAI H5N1 spillover from poultry. Both species showed correlation with wild bird outbreaks during the spring migration, suggesting they may be involved in the northward movement of the virus. However, phylogeographic mapping of HPAI H5N1 clades 2.2 and 2.3 did not support dissemination of the virus in a northern direction along the migration corridor. In particular, two subclades (2.2.1 and 2.3.2) moved in a strictly southern direction in contrast to our spatio-temporal analysis of bird migration. Our attempt to reconcile the disciplines of wild bird ecology and HPAI H5N1 virology highlights prospects offered by both approaches as well as their limitations.

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The Cold European Winter of 2005–2006 Assisted the Spread and Persistence of H5N1 Influenza Virus in Wild Birds

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Emergence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) in Europe in 2016-2017

Emergence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) in Europe in 2016-2017

Different Environmental Drivers of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreaks in Poultry and Wild Birds

Eco-Virological Approach for Assessing the Role of Wild Birds in the Spread of Avian Influenza H5N1 along the Central Asian Flyway

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