The comparative evaluation of uterine and cervical mucosa cytology with endometrial histopathology in cows

Ahmadi, Mohammad Rahim; Khodakaram-Tafti, Azizollah; Nazifi, Saeed; Ghaisari, Hamid Reza

doi:10.1007/s00580-005-0565-3

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Also Zargham‐Khan et al. (1998) and Ahmadi et al. (2005) claimed that cytogenic examination is a reliable method for establishing the presence or absence of uterine inflammation in a buffalo cow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Endometritis Causing Repeat Breeding of Cycling Iraqi Buffalo Cows

Azawi

Omran

Hadad

2008

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The objectives of this study were to determine the non-specific aerobic and anaerobic bacterial causes of endometritis causing repeat breeding of cycling Iraqi buffalo cows at Nineveh province, validate diagnostic criteria for endometritis and to evaluate the treatment efficiency of using systemic or intra-uterine infusion of antibiotics for the treatment of endometritis. Data were collected from 60 buffalo cows with history of repeat breeding in different herds. All buffaloes were subjected to detailed clinical examination including external inspection, vaginoscopy and transrectal palpation of the cervix, uterus and ovaries. Swabs for bacteriology and biopsies for histopathology were collected from the uterine lumen from each cow. Character, odour and estimation of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) of the vaginal mucus were scored. Blood samples were collected from cows for creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurement. Treatment conducted using oxytetracycline with tylosin in local intrauterine infusion or systemically with hormonal treatment. The most pre-disposing factor for uterine infection was retained placenta (13.3%). The most prevalent bacteria in uterine lumen were E. coli (23%), Archanobacterium pyogenes (13%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10%) were mostly isolated from buffaloes with repeat breeding. Vaginal mucus character score was associated with the bacterial growth density score. The difference in PMN was highly significant (p < 0.01) in animals with repeat breeding than control groups. In addition, PMNs was significantly (p < 0.01) correlated r = 0.894 with the character of vaginal discharge. High level of PMNs observed in buffaloes infected with A. pyogenes. Buffalo cows with endometritis had higher CK (321.47 +/- 39.06 vs 162.01 +/- 16.41 U/l) and AST (133.93 +/- 12.43 vs 97.01 +/- 6.86 U/l) activities (p < 0.05) than control-heifers, but no significant difference was observed between buffalo cows with endometritis in CK (321.47 +/- 39.06 vs 208.33 +/- 5.84) and AST (133.93 +/- 12.43 vs 156.17 +/- 9.65) activities than control-pluriparious. It could be concluded that A. pyogenes was the only non-specific uterine pathogen directly associated with severe endometrial lesions. Vaginoscopy examination combined with palpation of uterus increase the accuracy of diagnosing endometritis and cytogenic examination of uterine discharge is more reliable method of establishing the presence or absence of uterine inflammation in buffalo cows. Animals with repeat breeding (endometritis) showed clinical cure and improved pregnancy in all treatment groups with no significant difference. The use of oestradiol in repeat breeder cases has no effect in improving neither clinical cure rate nor pregnancy rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Endometritis Causing Repeat Breeding of Cycling Iraqi Buffalo Cows

Azawi

Omran

Hadad

2008

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Endometrial receptivity is compromised by the presence of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial products such as gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) or pro-inflammatory mediators (PGF2α or Nitric Oxide, NO), compromising early embryo development (Soto et al, 2003, Schwarz et al, 2008, Gilbert, 2011. After contact with endotoxin LPS, endometrial immune receptors (toll-like receptors, TLR), recognize the pathogen and trigger the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β, IL6) and chemokines (IL8) which in turn attract and activate neutrophils and macrophages to the site of inflammation (Ahmadi et al, 2005, Galvao et al, 2011, Gilbert, 2011. Hill and Gilbert (2008) demonstrated that embryos exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines in the culture media had a reduced number of trophectoderm cells thereby impairing their ability to produce IFNτ required for successful MRP.…”

Section: Embryo Mortality and Endometrial Receptivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

63 Effect of Endometrial Biopsy on Uterine Health of Tropically Adapted Beef Cattle

Ramirez-Garzon

Satake

Lyons

et al. 2017

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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In cattle, early embryonic loss during the first two to three weeks after fertilisation is recognised as the major cause of reproductive failure, with consequent significant impacts on business performance of beef and dairy farms. Inadequate endometrial receptivity is considered an important cause of early embryonic mortality in cattle. A pilot experiment was conducted to compare the outcome of performing different endometrial sampling procedures in tropically adapted (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) heifers, and to select the most suitable method to collect samples for investigation of endometrial gene expression. Endometrial biopsy (EB) using a biopsy device with a diameter similar to an artificial insemination gun (10366L Karl Storz®, Germany) was found to be the most reliable method of collecting endometrial samples in these heifers, with the samples recovered yielding a mean concentration of RNA of 72.9 ±39.3 ng/µl and mean RNA integrity number (RIN) of 7.3 ±1.1.To assess the likely safety of conducting EB in cattle a systematic review of published information assessing the impact of EB on subsequent pregnancy rates was conducted. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, online searches identified 1164 possible studies. After applying the exclusion criteria, six studies allowed the comparison of pregnancy rates between sampled (n= 1,208) and non-sampled cows (n=2,393). The results showed that EB can be performed before breeding without adversely affecting the likelihood of cows becoming pregnant.A major objective of the research was to determine whether EB and evaluation of endometrial gene expression could be used to identify tropically adapted embryo transfer (ET) recipients more likely to become pregnant. Three potential EB scenarios were investigated, 1) EB on Day 7 of the oestrous cycle prior to the cycle when ET would be performed, 2) EB on Day 4 of the oestrous cycle in which ET would be performed i.e. EB 3 days before ET, and 3) EB on the same day when ET would be performed.The first study assessed the morphological and inflammatory changes induced by endometrial biopsy. Pre-synchronised heifers underwent EB from the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL) either at Day 7 of the previous cycle (Group 1 n=10) followed by administration of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α or at Day 4 (Group 2, n=7) of the present cycle. All heifers were slaughtered on Day 7 of the present cycle. The site of EB was visually evident in 40% (4/10) of Group 1 and 42% (3/7) of Group 2 heifers. Histological assessment revealed no evidence of changes indicative of endometritis in either the biopsied or non-biopsied horns in both groups. The histological iii changes observed included mild mononuclear infiltration of the epithelium and mild vascular changes associated with haemorrhage and congestion.Initial investigation of the endometrial expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β and wound healing cytokine TGFβ genes found no significant difference betwe...

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“…After transrectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination of the uterus, a sample was collected from the cervix uteri using a sterile cotton swab (1,38). The vulva of each cow was cleaned and a speculum was inserted through the vagina.…”

Section: Cytological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After an Table 3 Changes in contrast values during the study period. Different letters (a, b, c, d) in the columns and different numbers (1,2,3,4) 84.70 ± 4.49 2,3 90.41 ± 4.26 a, 2,3 79.44 ± 3.49 1,3,4 73.59 ± 1. increase until d 2 after treatment (p < 0.05) a decrease was re corded in the following examination period. In group E3 the MGL reached higher values at 6 h after treatment (p < 0.05) which also exceeded those in group C at this examination timepoint (p < 0.05) (▶ Table 5).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Echotexture Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%