The Concentration of “Folic Acid”

Mitchell, Herschel K.; Snell, Esmond E.; Williams, Roger J.

doi:10.1021/ja01853a512

Cited by 273 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…96 Subsequent research led to the synthesis of anticancer drugs and links between vitamin B9 deficiency and birth defects. 97 Chemical properties of vitamin B9 are summarized in Table XIV.…”

Section: Vitamin B9 -Folic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review—Electrochemical Properties of 13 Vitamins: A Critical Review and Assessment

Lovander

Lyon

Parr

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Review of the literature on the currently recognized, thirteen vitamins yields an overview of the electrochemical properties that include estimates of the formal potentials at physiological pH and identification of the general classes of redox mechanisms. All vitamins are electroactive and map a range of formal potentials E 0 over a 3 V window. The vitamins are grouped as lipid soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and water soluble (B vitamins and vitamin C). Mechanisms are grouped as single electron transfer agents (B3, B7, B2, C, and D), vitamins that can be both oxidized and reduced (B1, B5, B6, B9, and E), and vitamins that undergo two successive, distinct reductions (B12 and K). Vitamin A voltammetry is uniquely complex. Plot of the formal potentials on a potential axis allows assessment of mechanistic paths to vitamin recycling, antioxidant behavior, pH dependence, electrochemical stability in air, acid, and water, electrochemical instability of vitamin pairs, and cooperative interactions between vitamins in medicine. The potential axis is shown as an effective tool for mapping thermodynamically complex interactions. By modern standards, the US federal government identifies 13 vitamins.3 The water soluble vitamins are vitamin C and the eight B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12). The lipid or fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. The fat soluble vitamins can accumulate in the body whereas the water soluble vitamins do not. There are no current vitamins designated beyond E except for K because materials historically assigned the interposed letter designations either no longer fall under the modern definition of vitamin or several related materials were reclassified. Several vitamins exist in different but related chemical structures.Questions considered in this perspective include whether all vitamins are electroactive; what is the redox potential of the vitamins; what are the kinetics and mechanisms of vitamins on oxidation and reduction; when are vitamins antioxidants; are vitamins stable to water and oxygen; do vitamins interact cooperatively. Although papers are available on the electrochemistry and voltammetry of individual vitamins, no single resource summarizes the electrochemical data for all vitamins. This review compiles and critically assesses the available literature on vitamin voltammetry. The compiled data serve to develop perspective on the electrochemical properties of vitamins and the role of vitamins individually and collectively as electroactive species. This CRES 3 T review assimilates fundamentals of thermodynamics and estimated formal potentials, kinetics, and mechanisms as assessed voltammetrically for individual vitamins to provide perspective on the collective electrochemical properties of the thirteen vitamins. Perspective on vitamin electrochemical properties may contribute to assess yet more complex bioelectrochemical processes. * Electrochemical Society Student Member.* * Electrochemical Society Fellow. z E-mail: johna-leddy@uiowa.eduThe review contains two main sections....

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Section: Vitamin B9 -Folic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review—Electrochemical Properties of 13 Vitamins: A Critical Review and Assessment

Lovander

Lyon

Parr

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Folic acid was initially isolated from the leaves of a spinach plant [1] and used to treat megaloblastic anemia. It is now widely known that folic acid deficiency is associated with higher plasma concentrations of homocysteine [2], which is an independent risk factor for birth defects and complications during pregnancy [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periconceptional folic acid supplementation among pregnant women with epilepsy in a developing country: A retroprospective survey in China

Hao

Xia

Tang

et al. 2015

Epilepsy & Behavior

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“…It is involved in single carbon transfer reactions in metabolism, and it is the precursor of the active tetrahydrofolic acid coenzyme [31]. It was first discovered in spinach [32]. FA deficiency causes growth weakness in mammals and different kinds of anaemia; it causes a failure to make the purines and thymine required for DNA synthesis [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Carbon‐Paste Electrode Modified with 2,7‐Bis(ferrocenyl ethyl)fluoren‐9‐one and Carbon Nanotubes for Voltammetric Determination of Levodopa in the Presence of Uric Acid and Folic Acid

2011

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A carbon-paste electrode modified with 2,7-bis(ferrocenyl ethyl)fluoren-9-one and carbon nanotubes was used for the sensitive voltammetric determination of levodopa (LD). The electrochemical response characteristics of the modified electrode toward LD, uric acid (UA) and folic acid (FA) were investigated. The results showed an efficient catalytic activity of the electrode for the electrooxidation of LD, which leads to lowering its overpotential by more than 320 mV. The modified electrode exhibits an efficient electron mediating behavior together with well-separated oxidation peaks for LD, UA and FA. Also, the modified electrode was used for determination of LD in some real samples.

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The Concentration of “Folic Acid”

Cited by 273 publications

References 0 publications

Critical Review—Electrochemical Properties of 13 Vitamins: A Critical Review and Assessment

Critical Review—Electrochemical Properties of 13 Vitamins: A Critical Review and Assessment

Periconceptional folic acid supplementation among pregnant women with epilepsy in a developing country: A retroprospective survey in China

Application of a Carbon‐Paste Electrode Modified with 2,7‐Bis(ferrocenyl ethyl)fluoren‐9‐one and Carbon Nanotubes for Voltammetric Determination of Levodopa in the Presence of Uric Acid and Folic Acid

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