The concept of an ecosystem model to support the transformation to sustainable energy systems

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t s Ecosystem model development for optimisation of energy systems. Combination of analysis, optimisation and simulation modules. Integration of the bio-inspired optimisation algorithm. Objective is to establish the natural energy systems.

Comparison of Energy Efficiency Indicators of Road Transportation for Modeling Environmental Sustainability in “Green” Circular Industry

“…On the other hand, there is no technical problem for the use of this measure in transportation situations of other countries or smaller percentages (<100%) of renewable wood (Figure 1). Correspondingly, researchers, officials, and stakeholders of other forest-and "green" industry companies abroad can similarly apply the natural (wood) resource-based energy efficiency indicator to their transportation conditions [24,36]. Besides the robust efficiency measurement framework, the environmental sustainability of the transportation operations could be optimized by multi-objective models in the future with respect to varying energy efficiency parameters (criteria) instead of assumptions (constants) as some studies have suggested [11,24].…”

“…In practice, companies' eco-industrial parks are managed by a policy for energy and carbon, using technically and commercially feasible technology to seek to substitute fossil-based and other non-renewable materials with renewable raw materials [31][32][33]. Actually, the forest industry is being moved towards environmental sustainability in an urban-rural symbiosis of the balanced industrial ecosystem [34][35][36].…”

“…Several researchers have reported that road freight transportation is a significant carbon source [10,19,[36][37][38]. Additionally, trucks are the cause of almost one-third of total exhaust emissions from transportation [39,40].…”

“…In countries with large forest areas and scattered population density, road transportation contributes to more than 20% of the negative climate impact in the forest industry [41]. On the other hand, road transportation is a necessary service from forests to industrial mills, which could be managed more effectively in current ecosystem models [34][35][36]. Furthermore, Trianni et al [42] and Hakawati et al [43] report that energy efficiency is considered the primary criterion of success amongst small-scale enterprises.…”

“…It is therefore also important to compare the energy efficiency of transportation fleets for fossil fuel consumption to the vehicle load's renewable wood energy utilization ( Figure 3). Over the past three decades, comparisons of energy efficiencies have been made by using modeling frameworks from the optimization, system simulation, or combined ecosystem methodologies [10,36,43,46]. According to the literature, numerous operations studies have been conducted for a quite small raw-material procurement region of a single heating plant system [47,48].…”