“…As can be seen, there are two distinct concentration regions. In concentrated solutions, , the curve of Λ versus c 1/2 is typical of strong electrolytes. However, in dilute solutions, the effect of hydrolysis is evident, and the form of the Λ curve follows the behavior of weak electrolytes or at least a marked deviation from the conduct of fully dissociated electrolytes (the Vavruch 4,5 interpretation was that the penicillin solutions behave like colloidal electrolytes).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conductances of K-Pen G and K-Pen V salts are unknown in the literature, and therefore, it is impossible to make comparison with our results. 1 Molar conductivity Λ of sodium penicillin G at 298.15 K; ▵ crystalline samples, ref ; □ amorphous samples, ref ; · ref ; ○ ref ; ▪ this work. 2 Molar conductivity Λ of sodium penicillin G, potassium penicillin G, and potassium penicillin V at 298.15 K; ▪ Na-Pen G; · K-Pen G (stock solution, see text); ○ K-Pen G (solid samples, see text); □ K-Pen V.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Molar conductivity Λ of sodium penicillin G at 298.15 K; ▵ crystalline samples, ref ; □ amorphous samples, ref ; · ref ; ○ ref ; ▪ this work.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This view was supported by Vavruch , who claimed that the crystalline or amorphous penicillins behave mostly in aqueous solutions as colloidal electrolytes. On the other hand, Woodbury and Rosenblum, Kumler and Alpen, McBain et al, and Goyan, on the basis of conductivity experiments with sodium and potassium salts of penicillin G, concluded that no marked deviation from the behavior of completely dissociated electrolyte is observed. Canals et al took a somewhat in-between view.…”
Systematic determinations of electrical conductivities of sodium penicillin G, potassium penicillin G, and potassium penicillin V in the 278.15-313.15 K temperature range are reported. These conductivities are examined by applying the Quint-Viallard conductivity equations and the Debye-Hückel equations for activity coefficients. Determined dissociation constants and the limiting conductances of penicillin anions are based on the assumption that in dilute aqueous solutions, penicillin salts behave as acidic salts of dibasic acids, which are the final products of degradation reactions in acidic media.
“…As can be seen, there are two distinct concentration regions. In concentrated solutions, , the curve of Λ versus c 1/2 is typical of strong electrolytes. However, in dilute solutions, the effect of hydrolysis is evident, and the form of the Λ curve follows the behavior of weak electrolytes or at least a marked deviation from the conduct of fully dissociated electrolytes (the Vavruch 4,5 interpretation was that the penicillin solutions behave like colloidal electrolytes).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conductances of K-Pen G and K-Pen V salts are unknown in the literature, and therefore, it is impossible to make comparison with our results. 1 Molar conductivity Λ of sodium penicillin G at 298.15 K; ▵ crystalline samples, ref ; □ amorphous samples, ref ; · ref ; ○ ref ; ▪ this work. 2 Molar conductivity Λ of sodium penicillin G, potassium penicillin G, and potassium penicillin V at 298.15 K; ▪ Na-Pen G; · K-Pen G (stock solution, see text); ○ K-Pen G (solid samples, see text); □ K-Pen V.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Molar conductivity Λ of sodium penicillin G at 298.15 K; ▵ crystalline samples, ref ; □ amorphous samples, ref ; · ref ; ○ ref ; ▪ this work.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This view was supported by Vavruch , who claimed that the crystalline or amorphous penicillins behave mostly in aqueous solutions as colloidal electrolytes. On the other hand, Woodbury and Rosenblum, Kumler and Alpen, McBain et al, and Goyan, on the basis of conductivity experiments with sodium and potassium salts of penicillin G, concluded that no marked deviation from the behavior of completely dissociated electrolyte is observed. Canals et al took a somewhat in-between view.…”
Systematic determinations of electrical conductivities of sodium penicillin G, potassium penicillin G, and potassium penicillin V in the 278.15-313.15 K temperature range are reported. These conductivities are examined by applying the Quint-Viallard conductivity equations and the Debye-Hückel equations for activity coefficients. Determined dissociation constants and the limiting conductances of penicillin anions are based on the assumption that in dilute aqueous solutions, penicillin salts behave as acidic salts of dibasic acids, which are the final products of degradation reactions in acidic media.
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