The Context of Scientific Achievement: Sex Status, Organizational Environments, and the Timing of Publication on Scholarship Outcomes

Abstract

Within the sociology ofscience, there exists a substantial literature showing that males, on average, publish more than females. This literature directs our attention toward organizational contexts and the timing of publication aspromising factors bearing on cumulative scholarship outcomes. In thisinquiry, based on 2,910persons who received doctorates in sociology between 1972 and 1976, we isolate the importance of organizational context to explain the emergent and cumulative sex differences in publication outcomes. Ourfindings reveal that existing scholarship differences between malesand females in this cohortoccur within thefirst six years of the doctorate and continue throughout the career as a result of different employment patterns and publication trajectories. Notably, wefind supportfor RobertMerton's contention that contextstructures the display of individual merit.Empirical observations of sex-differentiated scholarship outcomes consistently show that men publish significantly more than females over the duration of a career (e.g., Cole 1979:222). Such differences are reported to be associated with the timing of first publication (Clemente 1973; Reskin 1977), departmental reputation (Allison & Long 1990;Long 1978), and the type of collegewith which one is affiliated

Research experiences and mentoring practices in selected east asian graduate programs: Predictors of research productivity among doctoral students in molecular biology

“…Inspired by previous findings (e.g. Keith et al [13], Clemente [14], and Louis et al [15]) regarding the positive association between early and later career productivity, and by the realization among world leaders that economic competitiveness in the 21st century is highly dependent on having a STEMcompetent workforce, we examined factors relating to productivity in one stage of early career: doctoral training. We investigated the predictive efficacy of a set of DRE and a set of DMP-DRE as shaped by the sets of activities, expectations, and requirements that form the 'departmental culture,' and DMP as expressed in the specific activities, expectations, and exchanges between a mentor and a mentee-on three measures of research productivity [i.e.…”

“…Here, we provide a quantitative analysis of the main components of DMP and research productivity during graduate schooling. The importance of investigating the impact of mentoring practices in predoctoral productivity relates to the criticality of training doctoral students in the activities that go with scientific life and to previous findings that identify early career productivity as a strong predictor of later career productivity [13][14][15].…”

“…In this study, we contend that academic departments' expectations, expertise, and rigor [12,13], and the specific characteristics of mentor-mentee interaction shape the growth, development, and productivity of doctoral students [9]. Hence, our core hypothesis is: The doctoral research experiences (DRE) of a student as shaped by the sets of activities, expectations, and requirements that form the "departmental culture," and the doctoral mentoring practices (DMP) as expressed in the specific activities, expectations, and exchanges between a mentor and a mentee, influence a student's research productivity.…”

“…We are interested in DRE and in DMP that predict research productivity because previous studies [13][14][15] have shown that early career productivity-either during graduate school or during the first couple of years after obtaining a Ph.D.-is a strong predictor of later career productivity. While we know that early career productivity strongly predicts later career productivity, we still have a lack of understanding as to what factors contribute to early career productivity.…”

The Institutional Strategy in Increasing Publication Performance

“…Since considered as an indicator of personal achievement, published paper becomes an important aspect of the research productivity of the faculty, even a college [1]. Related published papers, in fact, the performance of research publications in Indonesia is still far behind compared to neighboring countries that are members of the ASEAN countries, namely Malaysia and Singapore, but were slightly above the Philippine state [2].…”