The coracoglenoid notch: anatomy and clinical significance

Strnad, Tomáš; Bartoníček, Jan; Naňka, Ondřej; Tuček, Michal

doi:10.1007/s00276-020-02527-2

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this study, the average CGN was 3.74 ± 1.16 mm, which is consistent with the anatomical research results reported by Strnad et al [ 4 ]. Ott et al, a German scholar [ 18 ], reported an average CGN size of 6.5 ± 2.1 mm, which is larger than that in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The coracoglenoid space is an arch-shaped space that is delimited by the coracoglenoid distance (CGD) and the coracoglenoid notch (CGN). Anatomical studies have revealed large individual variation in the CGD and CGN, which could affect the bone morphology of the coracoglenoid space [ 2 , 4 ]. A recent imaging study showed that the morphological variation of the coracoglenoid space was associated with the incidence of scapular neck fractures [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of coracoglenoid space on scapular neck fracture stability: biomechanical study

Chen

Zhang

Pang

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background The anatomical variation of the coracoglenoid space has the potential to influence the stability of scapular neck fractures. This paper aimed to investigate the mechanical mechanism underlying the influence of different coracoglenoid space types on scapular neck fractures by morphometric analysis and biomechanical experiments. Methods The morphology of 68 dried scapulae (left: 36; right: 32) was studied. Two variables, the length of the coracoglenoid distance (CGD) and the coracoglenoid notch (CGN), were measured. The distribution of CGN/CGD × 100% was used to identify the morphology of the coracoglenoid space. Each specimen was tested for failure under static axial compression loading. The average failure load, stiffness, and energy were calculated. Results Two coracoglenoid space types were identified. The incidence of Type I (‘‘hook’’ shape) was 53%, and that of Type II (‘‘square bracket’’ shape) was 47%. The CGD and CGN were significantly higher for type I than type II (13.81 ± 0.74 mm vs. 11.50 ± 1.03 mm, P < 0.05; 4.74 ± 0.45 mm vs. 2.61 ± 0.45 mm, P < 0.05). The average maximum failure load of the two types was 1270.82 ± 318.85 N and 1529.18 ± 467.29 N, respectively (P = 0.011). The stiffness and energy were significantly higher for type II than type I (896.75 ± 281.14 N/mm vs. 692.91 ± 217.95 N/mm, P = 0.001; 2100.38 ± 649.54 N × mm vs. 1712.71 ± 626.02 N × mm, P = 0.015). Conclusions There was great interindividual variation in the anatomical morphology of the coracoglenoid space. Type I (hook-like) spaces bore lower forces, were less stiff, and bore less energy, which may constitute an anatomical predisposition to scapular neck fractures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of coracoglenoid space on scapular neck fracture stability: biomechanical study

Chen

Zhang

Pang

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…There was no signi cant difference in mean CGN between left and right side, which is consistent with previous study [22]. In addition, the average CGD at the left side was found to be same as the right side in our study, this con rmed the previous study of Khan et al, who showed that the left and the right side were 28.2 ± 3.5 mm and 27.4 ± 8.3 mm respectively [2].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The most important clinically relevant nding of this study was that the larger the hook-like structure of the space, the less the external impact force it will be resistant, and it may be more prone to the incidence of fractures. This study yielded similar results as previous reports by Strnad et al, who used the three-dimensional CT reconstruction to observe the morphological characteristics of the coracoid in patients with scapular neck fractures and found that the coracoid was hook shape [22]. Thus, Type may constitute an anatomical predisposition to scapular neck fractures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, the contour of Type re ects a more complex morphology than another type. This may due to the superior pole of the glenoid serves as the attachment point for the long head tendon of the biceps, the stress that generated by repeated contraction of muscle bers during prolonged shoulder motion produces stimulates bone growth, consequently, the arch-like structure by the base of the coracoid process and the anterosuperior part of glenoid fossa was deepened [22]. We expected that there would be more Type on the right scapulae owing to most of the Chinese people are right-handed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Coracoglenoid Space on the Stability of Scapular Neck Fractures: Biomechanical Study

Chen

Zhang

Pang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The anatomical variation of the coracoglenoid space has the potential to influence the stability of scapular neck fractures. This paper aimed to investigate the path-mechanical mechanisms of different types of coracoglenoid space on the scapular neck fractures by morphometric analysis and biomechanical experiments.Methods: A total of 68 dry scapulae (left: 36; right: 32) were collected, the types of coracoglenoid space delimited by a boundary based on the ratio of the mean values of CGD to the mean values of CGN. Each specimen of a different type was under static axial compressive load test to failure. The average failure loads, stiffness, and energy for each specimen were calculated.Results: Two types of coracoglenoid space were identified. The incidence of Type Ⅰ (2.4 < ratio ≤ 3.5) (‘‘hook’’ shape) was found to be 53%, that of Type Ⅱ (3.5 < ratio ≤ 5.0) (‘‘square bracket’’ shape) was found to be 47%. There was no statistically significant difference in the two types between different body sides (P > 0.05). The average maximum failure load of these two types was 1270.82 ± 318.85 N and 1529.18 ± 467.29 N, respectively (P = 0.011). The measures of the average failure stiffness and energy of Type Ⅱ were significantly higher than Type Ⅰ (896.75 ± 281.14 N/mm vs. 692.91 ± 217.9 5N/mm, P = 0.001; 2100.38 ± 649.54 N⋅mm vs. 1712.71 ± 626.02 N⋅mm, P = 0.015, respectively).Conclusions: The variation of coracoglenoid space is large in different individuals, hook-like space is associated with fewer forces, stiffness, and energy, which constitute an anatomical predisposition to the scapular neck fractures.

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Circumflex arterial sulcus of the scapula (sulcus arteriae circumflexae scapulae): its anatomy and clinical relevance

et al. 2022

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Introduction: The circum ex scapular artery (CSA) has been described in detail in the literature, but the groove, i.e., the circum ex sulcus (CFS), formed by the artery on the lateral pillar of the scapula has been completely neglected. The aim of the present study was to describe the variability and anatomy of the CFS.Material and method: The study was based on the examination of 103 pairs of dry bone specimens of adult scapulae, i.e., 206 specimens, including 92 (46 pairs) male and 114 (57 pairs) female specimens. In the rst step, quantitative criteria were de ned for assessment of the CFS presence and type. Subsequently, statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed.Results: The study revealed considerable variability of the arterial groove, which was well-developed in 33% (type A), shallow in 40% (type B), and absent in 27% (type C) of cases. The mean distance between CFS and the infraglenoid tubercle was 3.3 cm (range, 2.5-5.4), which corresponds to the proximal third of the lateral border of the scapula. Conclusion:The study has con rmed variability of the arterial groove (CFS) and its localization in relation to the inferior glenoid rim. The ndings are clinically important, particularly in relation to the Judet approach to scapular fractures.

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The coracoglenoid notch: anatomy and clinical significance

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Influence of coracoglenoid space on scapular neck fracture stability: biomechanical study

Influence of coracoglenoid space on scapular neck fracture stability: biomechanical study

Influence of Coracoglenoid Space on the Stability of Scapular Neck Fractures: Biomechanical Study

Circumflex arterial sulcus of the scapula (sulcus arteriae circumflexae scapulae): its anatomy and clinical relevance

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