The cosmic ray energy spectrum between 1014 and 1016 eV

Glasmacher, M. A. K.; Catanese, M.; Chantell, M.; Covault, C. E.; Cronin, J. W.; Fick, B.; Fortson, L.; Fowler, J. W.; Green, K.D; Kieda, D. B.; Matthews, J.; Newport, B. J.; Nitz, D.; Ong, R. A.; Oser, S. M.; Sinclair, D.; Velde, J. C. van der

doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(98)00070-x

Cited by 114 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These are important basic parameters to describe an air shower, although they are not very sensitive to the primary composition. In order to study the composition around the knee, measurements of muon content in each air shower [10] or muons in deep underground [11,12], measurements of lateral distribution of air shower Cherenkov lights [13], or maximum depth of shower development using air Cherenkov telescopes [14], and multiparameter measurements of air showers [15] have been carried out and devoted to making the conclusion about the knee composition. In spite of great efforts so far, however, there is a divergence of conclusions on the composition from experiment to experiment and the knee composition is still the question at issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of air shower cores to study the cosmic ray composition in the knee energy region

Amenomori¹,

Ayabe²,

Caidong³

et al. 2000

Phys. Rev. D

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Since 1996, a hybrid experiment consisting of an emulsion chamber and a burst detector array and the Tibet-II air shower array has been operated at Yangbajing (4300 m above sea level) in Tibet. This experiment can detect air-shower cores, called burst events, accompanied by air showers in excess of about 100 TeV. Using the burst event data observed by this experiment, we discuss the primary cosmic ray composition around the knee in comparison with the Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper, we show that all the features of burst events are wholly compatible with the heavy enriched composition in the knee energy region.PACS numbers : 95.85Ry, 98.70Sa, 96.40Pq, 96.40De

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of air shower cores to study the cosmic ray composition in the knee energy region

Amenomori¹,

Ayabe²,

Caidong³

et al. 2000

Phys. Rev. D

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“…The agreement appears reasonable and deviations are mostly explained by uncertainties in the energy scale by up to 25 %, e.g. CASA MIA data [35] were shifted upwards in energy by 20 % to yield a better agreement to the other data sets. This is likely to be explained by the interaction model SIBYLL 1.6 [36] employed by the authors of Ref.…”

Section: Multi-component Methods and Non-parametric Approachesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Methods of determination of the energy and mass of primary cosmic ray particles at extensive air shower energies

Kampert¹

2001

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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Abstract. Measurements of cosmic ray particles at energies above E > ∼ 5 · 10 14 eV are performed by large area ground based air shower experiments. Only they provide the collection power required for obtaining sufficient statistics at the low flux levels involved. In this review we briefly outline the physics and astrophysics interests of such measurements and discuss in more detail various experimental techniques applied for reconstructing the energy and mass of the primary particles. These include surface arrays of particle detectors as well as observations of Cherenkov-and of fluorescence light. A large variety of air shower observables is then reconstructed from such data and used to infer the properties of the primary particles via comparisons to air shower simulations. Advantages, limitations, and systematic uncertainties of different approaches will be critically discussed.

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“…All particle spectrum. Points -data of direct and EAS experiments [18,[26][27][28][29][30][31]. Solid line -spectrum of used primary model, dotted line -spectrum of background cosmic ray flux.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplicity spectrum of muon bundles and primary CR composition in the range 1 – 10000 TeV

Petkov

Szabelski

Gaponenko

et al. 2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Multiplicity spectrum of muon bundles underground, with E µ ≥ f ew × 100 GeV, is an effective tool for study of primary Cosmic Ray spectrum and composition in wide range of the primary energies. In this paper we study integral muon number distribution measured at the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST). The analyzed range of the number of muon tracks crossing BUST (1 -170) approximately corresponds to the primary energy range 1 − 10 4 TeV. The analysis shows that non-power law primary spectra are preferable below the knee. Such a spectrum can be obtained as superposition of the basic power law primary spectrum and an additional component from nearby supernova remnant in the Galaxy.

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The cosmic ray energy spectrum between 1014 and 1016 eV

Cited by 114 publications

References 5 publications

Measurement of air shower cores to study the cosmic ray composition in the knee energy region

Measurement of air shower cores to study the cosmic ray composition in the knee energy region

Methods of determination of the energy and mass of primary cosmic ray particles at extensive air shower energies

Multiplicity spectrum of muon bundles and primary CR composition in the range 1 – 10000 TeV

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