The Cosmological Constant as Event Horizon

Gaztañaga, E.

doi:10.3390/sym14020300

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For constant H = H Λ we have R = r S , which is larger than R 0 today. Note how for R < r S (i.e., inside the BH) Equation (11) indicates that there is a region with no matter: r S > r > R and a region with matter outside the Hubble horizon R > r > r H . This is illustrated in Figure 3.…”

Section: The Black Hole Universe (Bhu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could slow down the collapse. Figure 4 shows the numerical BHU solution using Equations ( 3) and (11). S so that the expansion freezes before it reaches back to r S .…”

Section: How Did We End Up Inside a Bh?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same applies to an intrinsic Λ term. Equations ( 2) and (11) in the BHU are also exact solutions in GR for k = Λ = 0 by just replacing r −2 H ≡ H 2 + k/a 2 + Λ/3. However, we use k = Λ = 0 here because these are the values in empty space (for Minkowski metric) and there is no reason, within GR, that they should be different in the presence of matter.…”

Section: Discusion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the junction r = R, we reproduce Equation (11). For r < R, we can change variables as in Equations (A9)-A11).…”

Section: Discusion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we present a brief review that summarizes several recent papers [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] that suggest a simpler explanation: the Black Hole Universe (BHU). This review also includes some new results and ideas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How the Big Bang Ends Up Inside a Black Hole

Gaztañaga

2022

Universe

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The standard model of cosmology assumes that our Universe began 14 Gyrs (billion years) ago from a singular Big Bang creation. This can explain a vast range of different astrophysical data from a handful of free cosmological parameters. However, we have no direct evidence or fundamental understanding of some key assumptions: Inflation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Here we review the idea that cosmic expansion originates instead from gravitational collapse and bounce. The collapse generates a Black Hole (BH) of mass M≃5×1022M⊙ that formed 25 Gyrs ago. As there is no pressure support, the cold collapse can continue inside in free fall until it reaches atomic nuclear saturation (GeV), when is halted by Quantum Mechanics, as two particles cannot occupy the same quantum state. The collapse then bounces like a core-collapse supernovae, producing the Big Bang expansion. Cosmic acceleration results from the BH event horizon. During collapse, perturbations exit the horizon to re-enter during expansion, giving rise to the observed universe without the need for Inflation or Dark Energy. Using Ockham’s razor, this makes the BH Universe (BHU) model more compelling than the standard singular Big Bang creation.

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Section: The Black Hole Universe (Bhu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could slow down the collapse. Figure 4 shows the numerical BHU solution using Equations ( 3) and (11). S so that the expansion freezes before it reaches back to r S .…”

Section: How Did We End Up Inside a Bh?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discusion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the junction r = R, we reproduce Equation (11). For r < R, we can change variables as in Equations (A9)-A11).…”

Section: Discusion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%