The course of aggression in first-grade children with and without comorbid anxious symptoms

Pure Versus Co-occurring Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms in Children: The Potential Role of Socio-Developmental Milestones

“…Similarly, anxiety in children with attention deficit disorders has been associated with lower impulsivity, fewer and less severe externalizing symptoms, and a lower likelihood of CD (Biederman, Newcorn, & Sprich, 1991;Jensen, Martin, & Cantwell, 1997;Pliszka, 1992). Further, some children with conduct problems exhibit a reward dominant response style, which has been associated with antisocial disorders only in the absence of a co-occurring anxiety disorder (Ialongo et al, 1996;O'Brien & Frick, 1996).…”

“…Further, some research suggests that anxious children with conduct problems or aggressive behaviors may be more impaired than children without such behavior problems (Manassis & Hood, 1998). In another study, children with co-occurring anxiety and aggression were more likely to manifest high levels of later aggression than children with pure anxiety or aggression (Ialongo, Edelsohn, Werthamer-Larsson, & Crockett, 1996). Overall, children with co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms have also been shown to have greater social impairments Rudolph et al, 1994;Wright, Zakriski, & Drinkwater, 1999), increasingly disordered relationships (Thomas & Guskin, 2001), more deviance, and higher rates of school failure (Wright et al, 1999).…”

First‐grade child risk behaviors for community violence exposure in middle school

“…anxiety as a protective factor in attenuating negative outcomes~e.g., Kerr et al, 1997!, and~c! anxiety's moderating role in the course of aggressive0externalizing behavior in children and adolescents~e.g., Ialongo et al, 1996;Pliszka, 1998!. Additionally, the focus on the early risk and protective behaviors for community violence exposure is in keeping with the belief that the prevention of exposure to community violence is preferable to its potential sequelae, which include debilitating mental and physical disorders, and possibly death.…”

Does comorbid anxiety counteract emotion recognition deficits in conduct disorder?

“…Some studies report a more benign outcome for comorbid individuals (e.g. Walker et al, 1991), while others suggest that anxiety exacerbates the effects of CD (Ialongo, Edelsohn, Werthamer-Larsson, Crockett, & Kellam, 1996;Kendall, Brady, & Verduin, 2001;Sourander et al, 2007).…”